tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20008284881164466332024-02-20T09:35:36.454-08:00Best application essaysgrossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.comBlogger173125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2000828488116446633.post-64623965734968278952020-08-26T13:58:00.001-07:002020-08-26T13:58:09.806-07:00Macbeth, Ruler by Divine Right Essay ExampleMacbeth, Ruler by Divine Right Paper To demoralize this frantic scramble for power among the aristocrats, Shakespeare utilizes the subject of treachery replied by retaliations to Justify the religious philosophy of the heavenly right of lords. During the hour of Shakespeare, Europe had become a progressively requested spot since the hour of the Dark Ages. During this time, the grounds were governed by warlords and war seethed continually as different rulers with their own armed forces battled for power. Europe rose up out of this timespan, due in enormous part to the heavenly right of rulers religious philosophy. As per this regulation, God offers on lords the option to run the show. As James I composes, motels ââ¬Å"sit upon God his seat In the earth and have the check of their organization to give unto himâ⬠(standard. 4). An uprising against the ruler, which James portrays as ââ¬Å"monstrous and unnatural,â⬠is by augmentation an uprising against the desire of Godâ⬠(Label). Most Europeans at the turn of the primary thousand years were incredibly strict hence this made subjects significantly more ready to comply with the ruler without questions. This part of the regulation significantly helped Europe to balance out from its past warring state on the grounds that the individuals who conflicted with the ruler were likewise conflicting with the desire of God and hence gambling unceasing perdition. We will compose a custom exposition test on Macbeth, Ruler by Divine Right explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Macbeth, Ruler by Divine Right explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Macbeth, Ruler by Divine Right explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Despite the fact that this philosophy can without much of a stretch be excused today as a gullible innovation so as to keep rulers in power, it was generally acknowledged during the sixteenth and 17 centuries during Shakespearean time, because of the a lot more noteworthy impact of the congregation. Shakespeare utilizes the way that there existed a huge dedication to Charlatanry to remark on Macbeth character and further show the disasters In the usurpation of definitive figures. Macheteââ¬â¢s go wrong intently looks like the comparative fall of Lucifer from the courts of paradise to authoritatively call attention to the shades of malice inalienable in the baseless seizure of control. The disobedience of Lucifer is depicted in the book Isaiah as, ââ¬Å"How you have tumbled from paradise, O morning star, child of the day break! You have been thrown down to the earth, you who once disappeared the countries! You said in your heart, ââ¬Å"l will rise to paradise; I will raise my sea t over the stars of God; I will sit enthroned on the mount of gathering, on the most extreme statures of the holy mountainâ⬠(Chapter 14: 12-13). These offenses which reflect Macheteââ¬â¢s aspiration to murder Duncan and unlawfully remove the seat from the legitimate beneficiary were quickly rebuffed by God who stated, ââ¬Å"So I made a fire come out from you, and It guaranteed you, and I burned you up on the ground In seeing all who were watchingâ⬠(Ezekiel 28:18). Shakespeare declares that In scalar style as ââ¬Å"the incredible winged serpent was flung down-that old snake called the fallen angel or Satan, who [seeks to] lead ten wangle world astrayââ¬â¢ (Revelations 12 Y) as Machete Is lead off track Day ten witches planting the seeds of defiance in his brain. Macbeth is regularly in close relationship with malicious characters, for example, the three witches and Hectare all through the play to mirror the changing character of Macbeth as he turns out to be increasingly insidious. It was the witches, who are related with the villain, who first makes Macbeth fixated on achieving power when they welcome him with, ââ¬Å"All hail Macbeth! Cap will be top dog hereafterâ⬠(Shakespeare 1. 3. 50). By having both Banquet and Macbeth present when the witches guarantee incredible things for them two, Shakespeare is affirming that all men will experience enticement, yet additionally that it is conceivable to remain given and faithful, for example, Banquet does significantly under extraordinary allurement. Macbeth, be that as it may, doesn't remain faithful to Duncan and very quickly following the expressions of the witches he concedes that, ââ¬Å"my thought, whose murder yet is UT fantastical shakes so my single condition of man that work, is covered in gather, and nothing is except for what is notâ⬠(Shakespeare 1. . 139). With this individual admission, Macbeth uncovers how he is battling inside between his very own aspiration and what he knows is correct. At the point when he does later choose to kill Duncan, he ââ¬Å"acknowledges that his deed will involve all the sorts of viciousness development has been attempting to stifle since it first beganâ⬠(Watson) as he h ad simply as of late assistance put down a defiance to Duncan, incidentally enough. At the point when Macbeth deceives Duncan, the results of this are colossal angina from attacks of distrustfulness to his inevitable demise. The aftermath of this focal treachery is foreshadowed right off the bat in the play when the previous thane of Castor attempted to double-cross Duncan and paid the consequences for it. Duncan says that ââ¬Å"he was a noble man on whom I manufactured a flat out trustâ⬠(Shakespeare 1. 4. 14) and in light of this disloyalty of trust he is executed and his title is given to Macbeth. A similar destiny will inevitably anticipate Macbeth as ââ¬Å"the rebel must be yielded to safeguard [universal order]â⬠(Bloom) however first he is relinquished by everybody around his until he is separated from everyone else with his shrewd contemplations. The primary prologue to detestable concerning Macbeth the character is with his gathering with the three witches. As the play advances, abhorrent in relationship to Macbeth develop proportionately as the ones around him draw further away from him. The principal relinquishment from Macbeth is God forsaking him the evening of Dunceââ¬â¢s murder. Dinner is depicting the night sky to his child when he says, ââ¬Å"Their candles are all (Shakespeare 2. 1. 5) delegate of God not being available at Macheteââ¬â¢s out mansion since he recognizes what underhandedness is to happen that night. After Dunceââ¬â¢s murder and Macbeth expect the seat, his suspicion sets in and his own faculties in any event, egging to sell out him as is obvious by the phantom of the killed Banquet at a dining experience. The scared and frightened Macbeth comments ââ¬Å"the time has been, that, when the minds were out, the man would bite the dust, and there an end: yet now they rise againâ⬠(Shakespeare 3. 4. 78). This mental breakdown shows the otherworldly battle experiencing Macbeth as shrewd keeps on expending him. The last phases of surrender of Macbeth come Just before Macadam and Malcolm storm Macheteââ¬â¢s manor. The aristocrats perceive how degenerate and crazy Macbeth and speedily deformity; as Macbeth says, ââ¬Å"the thanes fly from meâ⬠(Shakespeare 5. 3. 49). This abandonment becomes o serious that the quantity of troops inside the château so low that the best way to battle the approaching foe is to plan for an attack. Macbeth depicts the foe power by saying, ââ¬Å"were minuscule not Trace Walt n tense Tanat nose a De our own we defame nave met overflow direful, whiskers to facial hair, and beat them in reverse homeâ⬠(Shakespeare 5. 5. 5). With God, his own faculties, and his aristocrats forsaking him, the last individual to do so is his significant other. The individual who he carried out the underlying wrongdoing kicks the bucket of an obscure reason to hint his comparable passing and to stress how really alone he is now. ââ¬Å"The murder of Duncan is no negligible political death. It is the extremely most noticeably awful thing conceivable: ââ¬Ëmost blasphemous Murderââ¬â¢ (al. Iii. 68), damaging all the bonds between man, nature and Godâ⬠(Bloom); in view of his death of the lord he has now lost those he holds dear around him. In this season of supreme isolation, Macbeth shouts out to his hireling, ââ¬Å"Sexton! I am wiped out at heartâ⬠(Shakespeare 5. 3. 19). The name Sexton might be articulated ââ¬ËSatanââ¬â¢ concerning Lucifer who had the first resistance on which Macheteââ¬â¢s is just demonstrated. At the point when Macbeth concedes that he is ââ¬Å"sick at heartâ⬠this implies the change to finish malicious is presently finished and o leftover of the reliable Macbeth remains. This reference to Lucifer makes the play turn round trip as the seeds of insubordination were planted by underhanded characters and it finishes in Macbeth turning into a naughty character himself. Macbeth gets his definitive discipline a lot of like the past thane of Castor by being executed and having his head cut off. Shakespearean topic of selling out met by Zestful retribution represent his perspectives on how rulers ought to be seen as arrangements by God and not to be ousted, mirroring the perspective on the celestial right of lords. The act of this philosophy to a great extent stole away Europe to leave the time of little warring countries and become the incredible force known as the Westââ¬â¢ commanding the world mentally and innovatively for many years. Shakespeare was by all account not the only essayist to fuse messages to dishearten the usurpation of focal forces, roughly 300 years before Shakespeare, Dante, who composed the Inferno, portrayed the most minimal pit of hellfire as having three tenants. Two out of the three were there on account of their part in the homicide of Julius Caesar which debilitated the Roman Empire and prompted a force battle. Both Dante and Shakespeare had comparable thoughts that defiance to people in rower were inalienably detestable deeds which just expanded entropy known to mankind and were demonstrations of the fallen angel. grossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2000828488116446633.post-89184315107216002632020-08-22T08:25:00.001-07:002020-08-22T08:25:20.614-07:00Ecology Essay Example For StudentsNature Essay Nature In the first Greek oikos implies, house. So biology is the investigation of the house where you live, or the earth which in fact incorporates each one of those components, both nonliving and living, that influence a life form. Biology at that point is the investigation of the connections of life forms in their condition incorporates both the living (biotic) and physical (abiotic) components of the earth. Its additionally the science, which figures and tests theories about condition. Nature is the connections, recognizable proof and examination of issues regular to all territories. Nature considers the populace and the network, assesses cause and impacts of the reactions of populaces and networks to ecological change. Populaces The populace is characterized as an array of people of a solitary animal categories that live in a similar spot simultaneously. Likewise, scientists include an extra condition: the people in a populace must collaborate with one another to the point of ha ving the option to interbreed. Populace is essential to understanding numerous significant environmental and transformative wonders. Scientists can utilize data from populace nature to anticipate the achievement of a given animal groups or gathering of species. One characteristic of populaces that is seen in nature is their scattering, or the manner by which people are appropriated in a given zone. Ordinarily, researcher allude to three kinds of scattering: Clustered (amassed), Regular (equally separated), Random (sporadically divided) Populations demonstrating a grouped example are basic in nature and are found among a wide range of sorts of creatures. Grouped scattering designs are regularly because of condition heterogeneity. Customary scattering designs are moderately uncommon in nature and happen when an asset is rare. A genuine case of standard dividing happens in creatures that display territoriality, a marvel wherein creatures build up a zone for themselves and ward off all other individual trying to attack that region. Customary scattering examples can likewise be seen in plants. Irregular examples can be found in an assortment of life forms (trout in lake or maple trees in a woodland). Notwithstanding which living beings, the quantity of births quite often can possibly be more prominent than the quantity of passings. At the end of the day populaces of all species have the ability to develop. That property is significant significance to the accomplishment everything being equal. Be that as it may, all species won't increment under all situation, yet rather they can, given proper conditions. There are two models of populace development: the exponential model and the strategic model. One of the most essential models of populace science is the exponential development condition, which is: )N/)t = rmaxN This condition expresses that, in a developing populace, the pace of progress in populace size is dictated by the maximal characteristic pace of increment (rmax) duplicated by the quantity of people in that populace (N). On the off chance that a populace development rapidly we called that an exponential increment and its development bend has a J-chaped called J-chaped bend. A populace can't keep on developing inconclusively on the grounds that this condition contains extra term called the conveying limit (K) which isn't fixed, however conveying limit is continually influenced by numerous variables, both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living). The strategic populace development predicts that populaces will develop quickly from the outset. Notwithstanding, as the quantity of people in the populace (N) moves toward the conveying limit (K), the populace development rate in the long run eases back to zero, and the populace settle at K. The outcome is a sigmoidal or S-molded bend which is frequently separated into three stages: the first is known as the slack stage (the time of moderate development that happens when populace numbers are l ow). The second is the log stage, which happens when development rate quickens and turns out to be moderately fast. The third is the immersion stage, during which populace development decelerates as N approaches K. All species have an all around characterized life history that includes a start of life, an adolescent and regenerative stage and demise. There are two significant parameters of a populace: survivorship (to what extent one live) and fruitfulness (what number of posterity one leaves). Survivorship is the number despite everything living toward the start of each age interim. The quantity of passings decides the demise rate during a given timeframe isolated by the number despite everything living toward the start of the timespan. Networks A people group is a collection of populaces that cooperate with each other and the impacts that they have on one another regularly incredibly impact their capacity to endure and repeat. Since they are collections of various species, network s have properties that make them one of a kind from singular creatures and populaces. A few networks essentially mix progressively into others and hence are called open remarks, backwoods networks are that way, as various vegetable sorts mix together. Alternately, shut networks have increasingly distinct fringes; not many living beings go starting with one network then onto the next. In these kinds of networks, less living beings move in and out, so they are progressively segregated as far as vitality and supplements. Regardless of the way that networks can now and then be hard to characterize, biologists have had the option to distinguish a ton of characteristics by which networks can be portrayed and investigated. These incorporate Species piece which is the most crucial characteristic of a network. Its essentially a rundown of types of which the network is included. Networks differ colossally in their piece. Recurrence is a proportion of how regularly we discover an animal groups in a network. Conveyance, or how species are masterminded in a network Diversity is a proportion of the variety in a network, has two segments. The first is wealth, which is the quantity of species in the network. The subsequent segment is called equality, which is how much the various species are spoken to in a network. Soundness is the idea of the capacity of a network to deal with aggravation or to oppose being upset. It additionally can allude to strength of a network (that is, its capacity to recuperate rapidly from an unsettling influence. Certain people group can be called delicate which is utilized to allude to networks that have low security when confronted with human aggravation. Rivalry includes a battle for constrained asset. Exploitative rivalry is the utilization of similar assets wherein one contender has more prominent access than the other to the assets is. Obstruction rivalry is genuine battling about assets. Intraspecific rivalry is between individuals from simil ar species and interspecific rivalry is between various species. The opposition avoidance guideline is that no two species can possess a similar specialty simultaneously. Since the specialty of a life form (the manner by which it associates with its condition) is frequently reliant on how it admissions in rivalry with its neighbors, both sort of rivalry is significant in the structure of the network. BIOMES Biome is characterized as huge, unmistakable and conspicuous relationship of life. All the more absolutely, a biome is a specific cluster of plants and creatures inside a geographic zone achieved by unmistakable climatic conditions. Their plant relationship than those of creatures, not just for the most part distinguish biomes more on the grounds that the first is unmistakably progressively self-evident, yet in addition since it decides the second. Biologists perceive around twelve significant biomes, every one structures under a specific winning atmosphere and has a trademark ki nd of plant and creature life. A few instances of biomes incorporate field, deserts, and deciduous woods. Biomes might be partitioned into networks. End For this paper, I read a ton of books and did a great deal of research on Internet. I took in a great deal about environment, populace, networks and biomes. Its exceptionally difficult to expound regarding this matter in just five pages. My first draft was established of eight pages so I cut a great deal of subtleties. Be that as it may, I take a break to do this paper and vitality and I truly appreciated it. I trust it will be the equivalent for you Bibliography: .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711 , .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711 .postImageUrl , .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711 , .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711:hover , .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711:visited , .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711:active { border:0!important; } .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711:active , .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711:hover { darkness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ucfcb742f25f119ddf97985ad2528e711 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; grossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2000828488116446633.post-74686835491845624332020-08-20T10:05:00.001-07:002020-08-20T10:05:02.879-07:00Lecture Notes Biology of CultureLecture Notes Biology of Culture Biology of Culture: Bridging Art and Science Straight from the scribbles in my notebook, a smattering of quotes, points and diagrams: I have a friend whos an artist and has sometimes taken a view which I dont agree with very well. Hell hold up a flower and say look how beautiful it is, and Ill agree. Then he says I as an artist can see how beautiful this is but you as a scientist take this all apart and it becomes a dull thing, and I think that hes kind of nutty. First of all, the beauty that he sees is available to other people and to me too, I believe. Although I may not be quite as refined aesthetically as he is I can appreciate the beauty of a flower. At the same time, I see much more about the flower than he sees. I could imagine the cells in there, the complicated actions inside, which also have a beauty. I mean its not just beauty at this dimension, at one centimeter; theres also beauty at smaller dimensions, the inner structure, also the processes. The fact that the colors in the flower evolved in order to attract insects to pollinate it is interesting; it means that insects can see the color. It adds a qu estion: does this aesthetic sense also exist in the lower forms? Why is it aesthetic? All kinds of interesting questions which the science knowledge only adds to the excitement, the mystery and the awe of a flower. It only adds. I dont understand how it subtracts. -Richard Feynman Analyzing humor is like dissecting a frog. Few people are interested and the frog dies of it. -E.B. White (possibly paraphrased) The problem is that we have Star Wars technology, medeival institutions, and paleolithic emotions. We can learn about the frequencies of left- and right-handedness ten thousand years ago through rock hand art. There is a positive correlation between left-handedness and homicide rates because left-handed people have an advantage in combat. Why do we care about music? Why, in sexual selection, are musicians attractive? The neurobiology of music suggest ancient origingswhat makes our brains sing Is music a byproduct of language, or did language arise from music? Music is auditory cheesecake, an exquisite confection crafted to tickle the sensitive spots of at least six of our mental faculties. Steven Pinker But before we respond to art, we have to generate it. -Brian Boyd Darwin suggested that a musical proto-language arose from selection for sex and sociability. A sense of tribal coherence is advantageous when small social groups compete for resources and face hardships. Music induces release of feel-good neurotransmittersmusic encourages positive community feelings. The most resonant chambers of caves are most often marked with red dots and decorated with paints. Do we have an innate template for culture, from language to landscape? We reognize beauty in each others art, even in the work of other species. Art is a verb. Art is about ideas as much as aestheticsas much or more about transmitters as/than receivers. Beauty is truth, truth beauty,â"that is all Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know. -John Keats Social connectedness may be good for our health. Take two hours of pine forest and call me in the morning. The physiological effects of Shinrin-yoku (taking in the forest atmosphere or forest bathing): evidence from field experiments in 24 forests across Japan. The macrobiome is as important as the microbiome in the development of our immune and nervous systems. The meaning of life in three parts: to be with each other. To work towards a better world. To appreciate the world we have. (E.O. Wilson, The Meaning of Human Existence) Math gives us the concept of zero. Art and music, the concept of negative space, the rest stop. Law gives us reasonability and standards of evidence. Science shows us continuum. Biology gives us historical trees and genealogy. Physics, quanta and the ability to observe action at a distance. Religion suggests oneness of the universe. Why not do away with the word science, and call it all learning? grossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2000828488116446633.post-32385697510156516442020-05-24T13:22:00.001-07:002020-05-24T13:22:05.537-07:00Use Of Music And Its Effects On Patients With Dementia Step 1: Read the Article: 1. Read the Abstract. This is a brief summary of the research questions that are targeted and the methods that are used to answer those questions. First thoughts: By reading the abstract one can gain the knowledge that due to the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987, LTC facilities are required to provide the highest well-being for its residents. It states that the therapeutic use of music could be a method to decrease the disruptive vocalizations associated with patients with dementia. 2. Read the Introduction. This is the beginning of the article, which contains information about the authorââ¬â¢s interest in the research, why they chose the topic, and their hypothesis. First thoughts: The introduction of this article lists two treatment approaches that exist to treat repetitive disruptive vocalizations (RDV). They are the use of medications and environment modifications. Due to the adverse side effects of medications, OBRA required the reevaluation of behavior control in DAT patients living in LTC facilities. The authors write that altering the environment to be more sensory appealing instead of using medications is a possible treatment option. This study was conducted to determine what effect the presence of music had on the frequency of RDV in three LTC residents. 3. Read the Discussion Section. This information will explain the main findings in great detail and discuss any methodological problems and flaws that the researchers discovered.Show MoreRelatedMy First Clinical Rotation As A Nursing Student1314 Words à |à 6 Pagesstudent, I was assigned to care for several older adults suffering from dementia. Although all of my patients ranged in severity from mild to severe progression of dementia, they all experienced moments of agitation, anxiety, or disturbed behaviors related to their disease. It occurred to me after careful review of several patient charts that despite often being prescribed pharmaceutical regimes for other comorbidities, these patients were rarely prescribed medications, besides those to control anxietyRead MoreDrug Therapy And Its Effects On The Health Of Individuals Essay1587 Words à |à 7 Pagesmalaria, measles, polio, tetanus, yellow fever, and smallpox were all considered life threatening diseases until medical res earchers came along and created vaccines and other drug treatments that have or almost eradicated these diseases. Without the use of drug therapy, the population would be a lot smaller and the life expectancy of people would be much shorter. Individuals are able to live more at peace, knowing that most illnesses can be cured or treated by simply getting a prescription from a doctorRead MoreDementia And The Power Of Music Therapy By Steve Matthews1011 Words à |à 5 Pages In the article ââ¬Å"Dementia and the Power of Music Therapyâ⬠by Steve Matthews, argues that music therapy has positive effects on dementia, in terms of non-pharmacological treatment, inexpensive in health budgets, and neurocognitive benefits for patients. Matthews starts off the article by describing current tendency of dementia in western nation. He mentions that dementia is one of fast increasing disease in United States, Canada, UK, Europe, and Australia. Additionally, Australian governmentââ¬â¢s investmentRead MoreThe American Music Therapy Association1043 Words à |à 5 PagesThe American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) defines music therapy as an ââ¬Å"established health profession in which music is used within a therapeutic relationship to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of individualsâ⬠. Studies have shown that there are clear benefits from listening to or playing music, but research over the last decade proves music can be used to heal in the medical field. Dementia and other neurological disorders have no cure, only treatments to lessen the symptomsRead MoreSensory Interventions Of Dementia Patients820 Words à |à 4 Pagesin Dementia Patients Morgan Shippy (Students Name) Northwest Arkansas Community College NURS9108: Fundamentals of Nursing Summer 2016 (Term Year) 2 Research Summary Table: Sensory Interventions in Dementia Patients Author, Year of Publication Purpose Sample/ Number of Participants Design/Level of Evidence Findings Limitations A. C. Vink et al. (2012) To compare the effects of music therapyRead MoreThe Effects Of Music Therapy On Patients With Dementia1547 Words à |à 7 PagesMusic has long been an interest of mine, it was always used as an escape from reality and can be very therapeutic; with that information I wanted to see if and how music therapy could be used to aide in patients who suffered from dementia. When conducting my own research I ran across an article titled ââ¬Å"Connecting through music: A study of a spousal caregiver-directed music intervention designed to prolong fulfilling relationships in couples where one person has dementiaâ⬠, this article caught my attentionRead MoreThe Use Of Music And Singing On Young Adults Written By Eells ( 2014 )1649 Words à |à 7 Pagesthis essay I will summarise the article titled ââ¬ËThe Use of Music and Singing to Help Manage Anxiety in Older Adultsââ¬â¢ written by Eells (2014). I will also examine the relevance of the article for clinical practice and my future role as a mental health nurse. In conclusion, I will relay the impact the article has in my work placement and the experiences acquired. In writing the article Eells (2014) examined the rising evidence base for the use of music/singing in taking leisure and hospitable activitiesRead MoreMusic Therapy And Dementi1763 Words à |à 8 Pages Music Therapy and Dementia Debora Moran Norwalk Community College MUSIC THERAPY AND DEMENTIA 2 Music is powerful. It arouses feelings and memories of specific past events and such a wide array of emotions. Music is associated with emotion and events in peopleââ¬â¢s lives that can be remembered long after the event occurred. Therapists can use music therapy to improve the overall physical and mentalRead MoreMusic Therapy Has Been Used For Many Years1629 Words à |à 7 PagesMusic Therapy is a branch of therapy where music is used to benefit individuals. Qualified music therapists work with many different types of people and introduce them to music in order to help them. Individuals must go through schooling to become music therapists. Patients create music, sing, and listen to music. Music therapist are professionally trained and are able to use music to help those affected by mental illness, physical pain, and disabilities. Music has many affects on the brain. MusicRead MoreIs Music Therapy Beneficial?768 Words à |à 4 Pagesas simple as the presence of music. Especially when dealing with patients experiencing bouts of mental illness. This article provides specific insight in regards to whether music throughout therapy is beneficial to those experiencing forms of dementia. According to, Sherrati, Thorton Hatton, p. 13, (2004), ââ¬Å"The use of the term music in this paper refers to a variety of music interventions (eg. listening to music), whereas the terms music therapy is reserved for music activities, which are carried grossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2000828488116446633.post-56107614112100544552020-05-13T19:21:00.001-07:002020-05-13T19:21:03.513-07:00Cognitive Theories Of Selective Attention Essay - 1308 Words Critically Discuss the Cognitive Theories of Selective Attention Kingston University K1313472 Critically Discuss the Cognitive Theories of Selective Attention Attention is considered to be a core cognitive process, it refers to how people actively process specific information in the environment. Attention refers to how people select from information and stimuli in the environment, facilitating processing of some of the stimuli and inhibiting processing of others. Everyone knows what attention is, it is the taking possession by the mind in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought...It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others, and is a condition which has a real opposite in the confused, dazed, scatterbrained state. ââ¬Å"This definition of attention was proposed by psychologist William James (1890). This review will focus on literature that gives explanation to selective attention. Selective attention refers to the process where a person is able to select out of many stimuli and focus on the one they want and ignore other stimuli. The cocktail-party effect was investigated in early studies of selective attention. It was first described by Cherry (1953). Itââ¬â¢s the observation that even in a noisy environment people are able to focus their attention on who is talking to them. Cherry (1953) investigated this phenomenon by conducting a series of dichotic listening andShow MoreRelatedThe Vaccine War Essay1154 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Vaccine War, the particular theory exemplified on the human behavior is Cognitive Dissonance Theory. Cognitive Dissonance Theory is a notion created by Leon Festinger that disputes that dissonance is an awkward feeling that encourages people to take action to diminish it. This theory is composed of two components: cognitions and cognitive dissonance. Cognitions are defined as, ââ¬Å"ways of knowing, beliefs, judgments, and thoughtsâ⬠(West Turner, 2009). Cognitive dissonance is defined as, ââ¬Å"feelingRead MoreBehaviorism And Behaviorism Theories Of Psychology Essa y1322 Words à |à 6 PagesWilliam James is credited as the founder of American psychology. He believed in observing everyday psychological experiences such as attention, memory, and reasoning. James also believed that the mind way very active in nature. Behaviorism says that you have to look at psychology in a way that is observable and objective. The main focus was on how we react to stimuli. Unlike Ebbinghaus both Jamesââ¬â¢s view and behaviorism stray from introspection as opposed to observation. Gestalt psychology emphasizedRead MoreSleep Loss On Attention And Cognitive Performance Essay1445 Words à |à 6 PagesHowever, it is clear that without a good nightââ¬â¢s rest, sleep-deprived individuals can find it difficult to pay attention, even if they want to stay awake. Thus, it becomes important to examine the underlying mechanisms that explain the negative effects of sleep loss on attention and cognitive performance. Sleep effects can be measured by alertness, which describes the overall state of the cognitive system and can be attributed to two primary components: a circadian system and a sleep homeostasis systemRead MorePerception And Perception Of The Cognitive Development Of Human Beings1367 Words à |à 6 PagesBoth attention and perception are concepts that relate to the cognitive development of human beings. Both concepts contribute to our ability to control and direct the processing of stimuli, whether it is physical, visual, auditory or retrieved from stored m emory. Perception is the ability to make sense of our surroundings, whereas attention is the ability to concentrate on any perceived stimuli. A link between perception and attention comes from an individualââ¬â¢s ability to choose which stimuli toRead MoreUnderstanding the Results: Breakdown of the Stroop Effect1199 Words à |à 5 Pages there might have been embedded cues that would have lead to a greater interference of the Stroop effect. Understanding our own cognitive powers has proved a difficult task for scientists since the birth of science itself. Our minds work in very complex ways, and we are still trying to understand the relationships that drive our cognition and memory. One such theory is known as the Stroop effect. This came about in the 1030s when an experiment revealed that naming the print color of color wordsRead MoreStages of Learning and Information Processing Theory1694 Words à |à 7 Pagesï » ¿ Basketball Research Report [Type the document subtitle] 3/21/2014 18218 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 2 2.0 Stages of Learning 2/3 3.0 Information Processing Theory 3 4.0 Feedback 4 5.0 Conclusion 4 6.0 Appendices 5/6 7.0 Reference List 7 1.0 Introduction Motor learning, particularly in the early stages of learning a skill, involves attempts by learners to acquire an idea of the movement, (Gentile, 1972) or understand the basic pattern of coordination (NewellRead MoreLink Between Spatial Attention And Social Anxiety1480 Words à |à 6 PagesLink between Spatial Attention Social Anxiety By: Jonathan Loiacono INTRODUCTION Fairly recently, there has been a link of spatial attention to social anxiety. Over the past two decades there has been seen an exponential popularity in pinpointing the exact attentional mechanisms which underlie such selective processing in models of anxiety(Clarke et al 2013). There are several different models of anxiety processing, however in this paper only the cognitive model of anxiety will be used. ThisRead MoreAaron Beck, An American Psychiatrist1188 Words à |à 5 Pagesnegative thoughts and that as long as they believed these thoughts to be true, they would continue to have symptoms of depressionâ⬠(GoodTherapy.org). Beck spent much of his career at the University of Pennsylvania and advocated for the application of cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of depression and other mood problems (GoodTherapy.org). What is depression? According to Psychology Today: ââ¬Å"Depression is an illness that increasingly afflicts people worldwide, interfering with concentrationRead MoreDoes the Concept of Negative Priming Contribute to Our Understanding of Selective Attention?1416 Words à |à 6 Pagesof negative-priming started to be used to study selective attention. Negative priming is following. Two stimuli are presented to participants and they are asked to react only to one stimulus and ignore the other. The observed responses are slow if the item they have to respond to is the same as the item they have to ignore. The theory of negative priming holds that this slowdown is a result of the dual-process mechanism of selective attention where perceived information is activated and distractingRead MoreAaron Beck Youngest Of Five Children1634 Words à |à 7 Pagesnegative thoughts and that as long as they believed these thoughts to be true, they would continue to have symptoms of depressionâ⬠(GoodTherapy.org). Beck spent much of his career at the University of Pennsylvania and advocated for the application of cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of depression and other mood problems (GoodTherapy.org). What is depression? According to Psychology Today Magazine: ââ¬Å"Depression is an illness that increasingly afflicts people worldwide, interfering with concentration grossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2000828488116446633.post-4131056399412250432020-05-06T14:12:00.001-07:002020-05-06T14:12:24.530-07:00Strategic Analysis for Ryanair to Enter China Free Essays string(45) " Its number of passengers served reached 66\." Strategic Analysis for Ryanair to Enter China Submitted in part fulfilment of the Master September 2010 STRATEGIC BUSINESS ANALYSIS (ULMS 719) University of Liverpool Management School 17 September 2010 Abstract Ryanair, the leader of low-fare carriers in Europe, will expand its business throughout the world. This report discusses the strategies which Ryanair entre the Chinese market. Through PESTEL analysis and SWOT analysis to have sophisticated understandings of the Chinese market situation and the civil aviation environment, then after a series of considerations, eventually, Ryanair makes the decision to cooperate with China Southern Airlines in the form of a joint venture. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Analysis for Ryanair to Enter China or any similar topic only for you Order Now Based on this, Ryanair has set up plenty of adequate business strategies that are composed of market targeting strategy, price strategy and marketing strategy in order to successfully enter the Chinese market. Keywords: Ryanair; China; Strategic analysis Table of Contents Abstract ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â-i List of Tables and Figuresââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âiv 1. Introductionââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â-1 2. Overview of Ryanair ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â-2 2. 1 General introduction of Ryanairââ¬âââ¬ââ⬠âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â-2 2. 2 Ryanairââ¬â¢s competitive advantages ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â-4 3. Strategic analysis ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â6 3. 1 External environment-PESTEL Analysis ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â-7 3. 1. 1 Political ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â7 3. 1. 2 Economicââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â8 3. 1. 3 Social ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â10 3. 1. 4 Technologyââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â11 3. . 5 Environmentââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â-12 3. 1. 6 Legal ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â13 3. 2 Internal Environment-SWOT Analysisââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â-14 3. 2. 1 Strengths ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â-15 3. 2. 2Weaknessesââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â17 3. 2. 3 Opportunitiesââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â18 3. . 4 Threatsââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â19 3. 3 Summary ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â-20 4. Business Strategicââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â21 4. 1 Entry Mode Strategyââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â21 4. 1. 1Problems that may cause ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â21 4. 1. 2 Joint Venture ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬ââ⬠âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â22 4. 1. 2. 1 Brief introduction of Joint Venture ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â22 4. 1. 2. 2 Partner-China Southern Airlines ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â23 4. 2 Market Targeting strategy ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â25 4. 3 Pricing Strategy ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â26 4. 3. 1 The level of highest price ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âà ¢â¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â27 4. 3. The level of lowest price ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â27 4. 3. 3 The level of average price ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â ââ¬â-27 4. 3. 4 Price choice on peak-season and off-season ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â28 4. 4 Marketing Strategy ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â-28 4. 4. 1 Cooperation with Mass Communication ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬ââ â¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â-28 4. 4. 2 Cooperation with local authorities ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â28 4. . 3 Cooperation with China Southern Airlines ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â-29 4. 5 Summaryââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â-30 5. Conclusionââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â-30 Referencesââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â-32 List of Tables and Figure Table1. The Development of Civil Aviation in Recent Yearsââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 9 Table2. Ryanairââ¬â¢s SWOT Analysis ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â- 15 Table3. Highlights of Ryanairââ¬â¢s Finances ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 16 Table4. Key Statistics Comparison between Railways, Highways and Civil Aviationââ¬âââ¬â19 Figure1. Comparison of Average Fares in four airlines ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â16 1. Introduction Low-cost carriers mainly operate high-volume passenger traffic on short-distance routes, use second-level airports, and offer no extra services. Given their sharply reduced costs, normally low-cost carriers offer fares considerably lower than that of traditional airlines. The trend began in America, with Southwest Airlines as the chief representative. Since 1990, numerous low-fare airlines have sprung up on a global scale. Among these, Ryanairââ¬â¢s achievements stand out. As the most profitable airline company in the world, Ryanair is renowned for its low-cost and low fares to travel destinations throughout most European countries. However, current airline routes and markets cannot meet Ryanairââ¬â¢s long-term development. To achieve its expanding ambitions across a global range, Ryanair decided to start with the Chinese market. Aviation in China is advancing at a staggering rate. Because of improvements in the living standard, more and more customers are willing to spend money on high-fare air tickets to save time and obtain excellent service, whereas the majority of middle-class individuals would rather travel by other vehicles than by plane due to its high price. Without doubt, the low-cost carrier is the only way to satisfy the growing requirements of the market in the next several years. Ryanair sees Chinaââ¬â¢s high-potential market and increasing demands. It must, therefore, address these paramount issues: how to carry out appropriate strategies and combine Ryanairââ¬â¢s own advantages with the framework of international regulations and the Chinese governmentââ¬â¢s policies. If Ryanair enters the Chinese market successfully, it will have a special meaning and impact on Ryanairââ¬â¢s sustainable development and will bring about a great change in current Chinese aviation patterns. This study will suggest specific measures for Ryanair to enter the Chinese market. The study first introduces Ryanairââ¬â¢s history, its considerable achievements, and unique predominance. From these aspects, we can have deeper understanding of Ryanair. Then, this study will apply PESTEL and SWOT models to analyze the internal and external environments. Based on environmental assessment, during the entire entering process, some unpredictable problems will be generated. In accordance with these problems, this study will offer relative solutions. More specifically, it offers an entry-mode and business strategy. Last but not least, the study concludes by offering a look at Ryanairââ¬â¢s experiences and improvements during the analysis process, and shows its drawbacks as well. Finally, the study offers suggestions to minimize the risks of entry into and for making profits in China. 2. Overview of Ryanair 2. 1 General introduction of Ryanair Ryanairââ¬â¢s legend dates back to 1985 when the Ryan family set up the company with only ? 1 share capital and 25 staff in Ireland. At that time, the Ryan family mainly operated scheduled passenger airline services between the UK and Ireland. At first, this mini-airline failed to draw the publicââ¬â¢s attention. In the meantime, due to blind business expansion, Ryanair opened up new routes and purchased new aircrafts regardless of risk, resulting in constantly increasing expenditures and making huge losses for four years running. The meaningful year for Ryanair was 1990. Under the leadership of a new CEO, Michael Oââ¬â¢Leary, Ryanair first introduced low fares and low-cost operation modes, based on the American South West Airlineââ¬â¢s successful experience. The move has proven a wise decision. From then on, Ryanair began to make a profit and gradually became the leader in low-fare air tickets in Europe. After more than 20 years of unremitting efforts, Ryanair is recognized as the worldââ¬â¢s favorite airline (Ryanair Annual Report, 2009). In addition, in accordance with its latest fiscal year report, Ryanair has developed into the largest low-fare airline, with over 7,000 employees, 43 bases and 1,100 routes between 26 counties (Ryanair. com). Also, Ryanairââ¬â¢s fleet includes 250 new Boeing 737-800 aircraft. Its number of passengers served reached 66. You read "Strategic Analysis for Ryanair to Enter China" in category "Essay examples" 5 million, which took the lead in the industry. In the next several years, Ryanair will still enlarge its fleet to deliver more passengers. In recent years, the value of Ryanair shares has gone up more than 10 times compared to 1997 when Ryanair issued shares to the public( Ryanair Annual Report, 2010). This continued, even after the events of September 11, 2001, when global aviation changed dramatically. Although most airlines have been largely affected, Ryanair has retained profits for 12 years. In 2003, Ryanair successively merged and acquired Hollandââ¬â¢s low-cost airline, Buzz, the budget airline subsidiary of KLM and the Dutch national airline. These moves led to the organizationââ¬â¢s overall strengths and risk resistance for further improvement. The 2010 financial report illustrated Ryanair earned â⠬305. 3 million in 2010. In consequence, Ryanair was named as ââ¬Å"the most profitable airline in the worldâ⬠by The Economist magazine in 2005. Meanwhile Ryanairââ¬â¢s stock share is very popular with investors and shareholders. In addition, one reason why Ryanair continues to achieve milestones is that it has maintained its business philosophy of ââ¬Ëproviding its customers with a lowest price ticket even no fares, on the premise that Ryanair cuts into the whole companyââ¬â¢s operating expense and other unnecessary costâ⬠(Johnson, 2004) 2. Ryanairââ¬â¢s competitive advantages It is universally acknowledged in business that superior enterprises will prosper whereas inferior ones will be eliminated. That is to say, survival of the fittest. The main points allowing a company to gain success are competitive advantages. This is the final goal of the strategic process in management. Competitive advantages were first proposed by Michael Porter in 1990. If a firm is able to generate more economic value than rival firms, it has a competitive advantage. In other words, not only could it bring benefits to customers, but also its opponents would find it hard to imitate and surpass it (Barney and Hesterly, 2007). In the competitive low-fare aviation market, Ryanair gradually created its own competitive advantages. They are as follows: A. Purchasing a single aircraft type: Ryanair only operates Boeing 737 and Boeing 737-800 ââ¬Å"next generation. â⬠Ryanair took good advantage of its own bargaining power and stable reputation to gain favorable contracts. This advantage helps Ryanair save costs. At the same time, Boeing aircraft not only suit the demands of European countries but also saves a large amount of maintenance and the costs of repair and staff employment. B. High efficiency in staff work: Employeesââ¬â¢ efficiency at Ryanair is relatively higher than those at other airlines. For example, at Ryanair, an airhostess is responsible for service on the plane and for cleaning as well. Productive-based remuneration system is widely applied in Ryanair. It consists of the number of on-board sales of products on the flight and their working hours. To arouse enthusiasm and initiative among staff, Ryanair distributes companyââ¬â¢s stock as dividend and rewards. C. Masterful exploitation of second-level airport resources: In some European areas, use of second-tier airports is very low. Therefore, to raise the usage ratio and boost economic improvement, local governments have offered some favorable policies. Based on Ryanairââ¬â¢s large volume of passenger traffic and its rapid growth, Ryanair obtained great contracts and even some subsidies from local areas, leading to a decrease in airport access fees. D. Taking advantage of the Internet: To save agency commission fees and simplify the purchasing process, Ryanair set up online reservations and spent a large amount of money on promoting online implementation widely. The Skylight system offers a platform for Internet users to book and confirm their ticket through Ryanairââ¬â¢s website promptly. Consequently, its Internet operation has significant advanced to reach 99% of ticket sales. E. Reducing expenses and making profits from other aspects: Ryanair no longer provides free meals, and Ryanair cancelled first and business classes to offer more seats. Apart from this, Ryanair limits weight of luggage to decrease fuel consumption. During the entire operation process, Ryanair always puts cost decreases in first place, and also attempt to seek a way to earn more money. For instance, Ryanair supplies different kinds of products and services including food, as well as information in terms of taxi and hotel booking for passengers. Simultaneously, the advertisements for colorful Ryanairââ¬â¢ aircraft and websites for other companies offer major sources of revenue. F. Unique corporate culture: Ryanairââ¬â¢s headquarter was built in a rural area at a small location in Ireland. In the beginning, the entire company comprised only eight administrative workers. At times, the firmââ¬â¢s CEO and department managers would help customers check in and even load and upload their baggage. Every Thursday the company would hold football matches between various company departments. The corporate culture creates a harmonious work environment and makes a success of the business. 3. Strategic analysis The Chinese market is new for Ryanair. There is no denying that the Chinese market has its own unique characteristics. To enter the Chinese market, it is imperative that Ryanair have a deep understanding of the external environment. Similarly, Ryanair should grasp if the internal environment is beneficial or detrimental to Ryanair. Only in this way, will Ryanair be able to exploit its own strong points to fulfill its potential and avoid some influences that may give rise to shortcomings. Meanwhile, environmental analysis offers a determinant factor to establish specific strategies. The following steps might be taken. . 1 External environment: PESTEL analysis Johnson pointed out the PESTEL framework as an effective tool for analyzing the macro-environment. Moreover, it helps the company to know what is going on outside the organization and how external factors are likely to change in the future. PESTEL refers to six points: political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal (Johnson, 2008). It is clear tha t this framework includes all external aspects. Through this framework, Ryanair could get a better understand of the unfamiliar Chinese market. Then, on the basis of this, Ryanair could carry out accurate methods that are suitable for Chinese customers. 3. 1. 1 Political issues The political point is related to political and state systems, policies and regulations. Aviation is an industry that is very sensitive to political changes. In the meantime, aviation is strictly regulated by government. Chinese aviation started late, therefore its laws and regulations have several shortcomings. With the gradual deepening of its economic reforms in recent years, the Civil Aviation Administration of China opened the door for non-state owned enterprises in 2004. After that, a series of loosening policies regarding airline routes have been put forward to provide more chances for low-cost carriers. Up through late 2007, the Chinese government concluded 110 bilateral agreements with foreign states (The Report of Chinese Aviation, 2008). On the one hand, this move indicated that the Chinese aviation industry was at the international stage to seek further development. On the other hand, it means that the Chinese market relaxed rules on foreign ownership of airline. Through corporation, the monopoly concerning a reservation in fuel price, maintenance fees or tickets would be broken up. In addition, there has been a dramatic increase in space resources. As of 2007, Chinese aviation implemented the Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) cruising altitude between 8,400 meters and 12,500 meters. RVSM went up from 7 to 13. This implied that space environment would be optimized and flights would be unobstructed. Beyond a new regulation applied regarding airline tickets in 2004, the Chinese government gradually relaxed price control. The measure was of immense significance in long-term development of airlines. 3. 1. 2 Economic In 2009, the financial crisis swept through the global, and the world economy has been greatly affected by it. However, even under this circumstance, the Chinese GDP was 33. 5 trillion yuan, up by 8. 7 percent over the previous year. Fiscal revenues reached 6. 85 trillion yuan, an increase of 11. 7 percent (Report of the Work of the Government 2010). Constant economic growth provides an attractive environment for aviation industry. The following table indicates the development of civil aviation in recent years: Tab1e 1: The Development of Civil Aviation in Recent Years Year Item| 2004| 2005| 2006| 2007| 2008| Length of Transport Routes (10 000 km)| 204. 94| 199. 85| 211. 35| 234. 30| 246. 18| Total Passengers Traffic (10,000 persons)| 12,123| 13,827| 15,968| 18,576| 19,251| Total Passage-Kilometers (100 million passenger-km)| 1,782. 3| 2,044. 9| 2,370. 7| 2,791. 7| 2,882. 8| Sources from China Statistic Yearbook 2009 As can be seen from Table 1, Chinese civil aviation has maintained a sustained, rapid and sound development. Moreover, the rise in the value of RMB will work to the advantage of aviation. It contributed to cutting down the cost of crude oil import. To some extent, airlines could benefit from it and improve profitability. The financial crisis had a noticeable impact on the fuel market, which is the lifeline of aviation. As a whole, the global fuel price market decreased from $80 per barrel to $74. 07 per barrel. Whereas, in view of the Chinese fuel market monopolized by China National Aviation Fuel and high demand in the domestic market, Chinese fuel prices ran counter to the international situation and had an upward tendency. Hence, this is a big challenge for airlines (Hu,2010). 3. 1. 3 Social Since the adoption of reform and opening policies, China has made headway socially and demographically. In the first place, Chinese peopleââ¬â¢s living standards have greatly improved. The annual per capita disposable income and annual per capita consumption expenditure of urban households have seen a dramatic increase to reach 15,781 yuan, 11,243 yuan, respectively. After 30 years of arduous efforts, the excessive population growth has been brought under effective control. Furthermore, Chinaââ¬â¢s population has basically accomplished the change-over to the population reproduction pattern characterized by low-birth rate, death rate and growth. Based on statistics provided by the State Statistical Bureau, by 2008, China had a population of 1. 3 billion. In the second place, residence, transportation and communication, as well as recreation, education and culture contributed to the promotion of the continuous growth of domestic consumption. Take 2006 as an example, the annual per capita living expenses of urban residents was 59,370. 3 billion yuan. In comparison with last year, transportation and communication rose by 13. 8%, and the other two items went up by 10. 8%. The major factor that caused the results above was due to changes of the social-cultural environment. Thus, peopleââ¬â¢s lifestyles, including transportation and travel choices have changed subsequently. In recent years, the rate of tourism had an upward tendency, climbing from 26% in 2001 to 36. 7% in 2007 throughout the whole air transportation market. Moreover, the number of self-funded travelers accounted for 50. 7% in the tourism industry (China Statistical Yearbook, 2009). Last but not least, with close relationships of educational institutions between different nations, the quantity of students who study abroad is increasing year by year. In particular, through a ten-year development period, the number of students in 2008 was ten times higher than that in 1998; it reached 179,800 persons. 3. 1. 4 Technology First, we can acknowledge that advanced technology has resulted in cost reductions for airlines. As a result, as the most famous civil aircraft manufacturing companies in the world, Boeing and Airbus continually issue new economical and practical aircraft, like the Boeing 777 series and Airbus A380. Secondly, simplifying the business program(StB)was proposed by International Air Transport Association in 2004. It is a new approach that aims to reduce airline expenses and offer better services for passengers. The StB program compromises five parts: bar-coded boarding passes (BCBP), IATA e-freight, IATA e-services, the Baggage Improvement Program and the Fast Travel Program. With the aid of the StB Program, airlines can sell tickets by direct marketing and vending machine or booking tickets via the Internet, mobile phones and land lines. Since 2006, e-ticketing has been implemented widely in the domestic market and is up to 100%. It was estimated that, after implementing e-tickets, the cost of each ticket would decrease by two-thirds, and there is no denying that this measure would bring huge potentials regarding a decrease in operation expense for airlines(Wu,2007) Thirdly, with the rapid improvement of air-traffic management and overall industrial technology and equipment levels, the utilization rate of national airspace resources had a significant rise. In the meantime, increased numbers of aircraft have driven the development of the aircraft maintenance market, extending the useful life of civil planes, which endure 25ââ¬â30 years. Lastly, along with the quick development of civil airlines, the supply and demand of pilots in the transport market is increasingly prominent. With regard to training and recruiting pilots, there is fierce competition between new airlines and existing airlines. As an administrative department, the Civil Aviation Administration of China is cautious about turnover as to pilots. To a great extent, the liberalization of rules pertaining to pilots is still restricted by laws and regulations, thereby hindering long-term development of new airlines (Fang, 2009) 3. 1. 5 Environment In contemporary society, human beings have gradually raised their awareness of saving resources and protecting the environment. Hence, consumers are willing to back ââ¬Å"no-frill,â⬠low-cost carriers. Analysis of the low-cost carrier market in China and the Investment Advisory Report, 2006ââ¬â2007, showed that 79% of customers would accept products provided by low cost airlines. Next, in 2012, the European Union will begin to charge for carbon emission. Obviously, it is not good for high-speed growth but imperfect Chinese aviation. In spite of China vigorously pushing forward energy conservation and greenhouse gas emissions reduction, nevertheless, under the current technology and situation, to reduce greenhouse gas emission, it must depend on technology rather than fuel decreases. Because of insufficiency or drawbacks of relevant laws and regulations, at present, China has not formulated a relevant policy in terms of charging carbon emissions. This contributes to more and more foreign airlines paying more attention to the Chinese aviation market of the future (Li, 2010) Finally, through decades of operation and development, Chinese airports have begun to take shape. By 2008, China had 152 civil airports. Beyond that, passenger traffic and freight traffic achieved great performances: 19,251,000 persons and 4,076,376, tons respectively (The Year book of China, 2009). Currently China is speeding the construction pace. The Civil Aviation Administration of China has announced that by 2020, China will set up more than 97 airports. By then, 80% of the area will be covered, so that 82% of the total population would enjoy airline service (Tan, 2003) 3. 1. 6 Legal Although world aviation has become wired, foreign airlines that would like to enter and operate in China also face a great many difficulties in the aspects of market and technology and, especially, laws and regulations. For instance, according to the General Administration of Civil Aviation Law of China, Article 177 states that it does not allow transportation between any two points in the areas of China for foreign airlines. Besides, foreign airlinesââ¬â¢ timetables and flight plans must report to relevant aviation departments in a timely fashion. To some extent, it undoubtedly becomes an obstacle to free development in aviation. In addition, lack of relative facilities results from the immature advancement of aviation in China. Like most cities having only one main airport, the construction of a secondary airport still falls far short of needs of modern aviation. Consequently, this is a big problem that should not be ignored by foreign airlines. 3. 2 Internal environment: SWOT analysis SWOT was first put forward by Albert Humphrey in the 1960s and mainly deals with an enterpriseââ¬â¢s internal environmental analysis. It is the method that is used for arriving at deep and comprehensive understanding of a companyââ¬â¢s own strategic competence, as well as a business environment before the company works out the adaptation strategy in the new circumstances. SWOT refers to strength, weakness, opportunity and threat. Among these four aspects, ST focuses on company, while OT pays more attention to relevant competitorsââ¬â¢ effects. By applying this, the enterprise could realize what factors are beneficial to it and then carry forward them in the future. Meanwhile, the organization should find some existing serious problems that would have adverse influence on further development. Then, it should find a solution to the problems or try to avoid them in practice. By this method, the company could make best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages so as to attain sustainable development (Johnson, et al. ,2008) The following picture shows a summary in respect of Ryanairââ¬â¢s SWOT analysis: Table 2: Ryanairââ¬â¢s SWOT Analysis Strength| 1. Powerful brand support2. Low fares3. Low operation cost and high ancillary incomes4. High efficiency, flexible operation| Weakness| 1. Service quality decrease2. Regulation restrictions3. Changes of charges have great impact on Ryanair4. Limited niche market| Opportunities| 1. Tremendous civil market potentials2. Economic downturn3. Ambitious expansion | Threats| 1. High-speed development of other substitutes2. Fierce competition and pressure from other civil airlines3. Excessively depends on jet fuel market and low price| 3. 2. 1 Strengths After 20 years of arduous efforts, Ryanair has already built up an enterprise image and exploited the brand with its own characteristic in the European LCC market. The Economist magazine called it ââ¬Å"the best airline which could earn a large amount of money. â⬠Wall Street Daily considered Ryanairââ¬â¢s stock as the most popular and the most valuable to purchase (Wang, 2008) It has made marked achievements in every respect, as can be seen from the table below in terms of general accomplishments: Table 3: Highlights of Ryanairââ¬â¢s Finances â⠬ Key items| 2010 | 2009| change| Operating revenue| 2,988. 1| 2,942. 0| +2%| Net profit /(loss) after tax| 305. 3| (169. 2)| +280%| Scheduled passengers| 66. 5m| 58. 6m| +14%| Fleet at period end| 232| 181| +28%| Average number of employees| 7,032| 6,369| +10%| Adapted from Ryanair Annual report 2010 Since its establishment until now, Ryanair has always persisted in the philosophy of business: Let more and more customers enjoy low fare, even for free. A survey of different airlines and their fares follows: Figure 1: Comparison of average fares of four airlines. â⠬ Source: Ryanair Annual Report 2010. Ryanair can in fact issue tickets much cheaper than other airlines. Thatââ¬â¢s the reason why the total Ryanair scheduled passengers came out to â⠬ 66. 5 million. With such cheap fares, Ryanair can still make profits. The reason is attributed to an emphasis on minimizing operations costs, which includes: aircraft purchasing, daily maintenance and selection of airports, online booking and personnel expense. Apart from these, Ryanair tries to earn more from ancillary service while reducing costs. For example, customers could book cars or hotels, and even some low fare tickets of concerns from Ryanairââ¬â¢s websites easily. Besides, Ryanair is considered a conspicuous billboard as its aircrafts and even its trays are fully sprayed with different companiesââ¬â¢ advertisements. This action brings about considerable income to Ryanair. In 2010, the advertising income reached â⠬663. 6million. Definitely, a highly productive work force also plays a pivotal role in the way to success. It is reported that each Ryanairââ¬â¢s emplyee can serve 9,457 passengers per year. To mobilize the enthusiasm of employees, Ryanair brought out air bonuses and participation in Ryanairââ¬â¢s valuable option project (Ryan air Annual Report 2010). 3. . 2 Weaknesses Due to reduction in Ryanairââ¬â¢s various operation expenses, a variety of free services have been cancelled. At present, customers must pay to use the toilet. Therefore, more limitations are sure to follow, service quality decrease and then, increasingly, customer complaints. The most serious negative issue has been the severe criticism continually rel eased by the news media, and it has harmed the companyââ¬â¢s overall image and interest. Ryanairââ¬â¢s target market mainly focuses on leisure-travel customers and short point-to-point routes. Although it does not have higher standards of ervice, Ryanair is extremely sensitive to price. That is to say, once Ryanair raises prices slightly, it will lose lots of customers. Nevertheless, as the companyââ¬â¢s scale is constantly enlalrging, costs will go up proportionately. Therefore, limited niche market and increasing cost are not propitious for further expansion of the company. Currently, Ryanair confronts a tough situation, which involves how to balance the companyââ¬â¢s benefits and customersââ¬â¢ requirements appropriately. In spite of Chinese aviation advocates; reform and innovation, China is not completely wide open to foreign airlines. Local laws and regulation restrictions are not conducive to Ryanairââ¬â¢s entry. 3. 2. 3 Opportunities Compared with advanced countries, although China aviation is advancing rapidly, it still has plenty of drawbacks, particularly in the low-cost carrier area. 2008 Chinese Aviation Report implied that China has a huge market with big potential and wide prospects in civil aviation. However, nowadays, there is only one small-scale, low-cost airline, Spring Airline, in Chinaââ¬â¢s domestic market. Apparently, existing fleets and routes are difficult to satisfy a increase of domestic demand. Ryanairââ¬â¢s entry will fill the low-cost carrier vacancy. Moreover, it has been proved that low-cost carriers can benefit during economic downturn(Kerpen, 2004). lobal recession leads to a sharp fall in public income. Therefore, the public turns to low fares to reduce expenses. A host of customers would rather choose Ryanair, which does not have free services, than general flagship airlines that offer higher standards of service. Apparently, the economic slump brings infinite business chances and generous profits for Ryanair. Ryanair is planing to enlarge its fleet to acquire 200ââ¬â300 planes by 2016. Due to bulk buying, Boeing and Airbus quote Ryanair the most favourable prices to acquire such big orders. In that case, it not only saves costs but also offers sufficient funds to invest in overseas markets. Ryanairââ¬â¢s ambitious expansion could come true in the near future. 3. 2. 4 Threats Rapid development of Chinese railways and highways in recent years should be a concern for air carriers. Ever since the transportation industry has advanced steadily, railways and highways have held leading positions. Because civil aviation is subject to its own conditions, in freight traffic, t had a very big lead compared with railways and highways. This is shown in the table below: Table 4: Key Statistics Comparision between Railways, Highways and Civil Aviation Items| Year| Passenger Traffic (10,000 persons)| Passenger-Kilometers (100million passenger-km)| Freight Traffic (10,000 tons)| Railways| 2006| 125,656| 6,622. 1| 288,224| | 2007| 135,670| 7,216. 3| 314,237| | 2008| 146,193| 7,778 . 6| 330,354| Highways| 2006| 1860,487| 10,130. 8| 1,466,347| | 2007| 2,050,680| 11,506. 8| 1,639,432| | 2008| 2,682,114| 12,476. 1| 1,916,759| Civil Aviation| 2006| 15,968| 2,370. | 349. 4| | 2007| 18,576| 2,791. 7| 401. 8| | 2008| 19251| 2,882. 8| 407. 6| Adapt from Chinese Statistic Yearbook 2009 As shown in the diagram, from 2006 to 2009, people would rather choose railways and highways than civil aviation. Furthermore, as mentioned above, the statistics of railways and highways far exceed that of civil aviation. In 2002, civil aviation was reconstructed and reorganized. From then on, competition through three airline groups involving Air China, China Southern Airlines and China Eastern Airlines has taken shape in the civil aviation market. The three airlines have the market share for 80% in China. There is no denying that these three airlines groups pose a huge threat to Ryanair. They would take full advantage of their own strengths to freeze out new competitors. More importantly, Ryanair is famous for its low fares. Jet fuel is a major component of Ryanairââ¬â¢s operations costs. However, as cost of jet fuel has risen, Ryanairââ¬â¢s ticket prices have spiraled up to match them. Therefore, this action is directly opposite to the aim of the company. Ryanair would lost a large number of customers because of its relative high fare compared with privious price. . 3 Summary As discussed in the PESTEL and SWOT analyses above, as a whole, the external environment is conducive to Ryanairââ¬â¢s entry and development in China, specifically, the attractive points were policy relaxation to foreign airlines and high demand for low-fare carriers. However, Ryanair would have to pay more attention to techniques and legal rest rictions in certain aspects. Only after analysing the external environment objectively will Ryanair enter the Chinese market smoothly. In the meantime, the internal environment is equally fundamental. After placing more emphasis on understanding the other airlines and Ryanair itself, then it will be able to fight a hundred battles without danger of defeat as the result of wise decision making and strategic adjustments in a short time. 4. Business strategy 4. 1 Entry mode strategy 4. 1. 1 Potential problems Given that aviation is a sensitive industry, there is no doubt that Ryanair will face some tough problems that could interfere with its entry plans or progress. In particular, the Chinese government puts up all sorts of obstacles, and these factors are concretely revealed by the following. The first obstacle is the imposition of restrictions on setting ticket prices. Civil aviation-transport price reforms state that on the basis of benchmark prices, airlines may set a price which increases 25% and decreases no more than 45% (Wu, 2007). Compared to the previous rule, the government has relaxed controls on prices. Nevertheless, it is still hard to satisfy the requirements of low-cost carriers, which rely on low fares to gain a larger share of the market. The second obstacle is the control of air-route management rights. So far, there are 115 airports which are completely open. Airlines could freely arrange air route entry and quit based on actual market demands by themselves. However, these airportsââ¬â¢ handling capacities are relatively small and the low-cost carrierââ¬â¢s self-potential is subject to it. The last obstacle is the monopoly pattern in civil aviation. At present, Air China, China Southern Airlines and China Eastern Airlines have become three powers of civil aviation. At times, the three-airline group launches its own low-cost tickets in order to develop market share. Ultimately, their positions in the domestic market are strengthened. As a new entrant to the Chinese market, the three-airline groupââ¬â¢s low-cost strategy will negatively affect Ryanair. 4. 1. 2 Solution: Joint Ventures As stated above, the way to enter a new market is not completely clear for new entrants. To avoid some unpreditable factors that would arise in the Chinese market and to lower risks attributed to lack of knowledge regarding market information or market situations, joint ventures are the most convenient and effective solution for Ryanair, especially a minority joint venture. 4. 1. 2. 1 Brief introduction to joint ventures A joint venture is a ââ¬Å"corporate childâ⬠that is a new entity given birth and jointly owned by two or more parent companies. (Peng, 2009)Generally, this is a common measure for new entrants to enter unfamiliar environments. That is to say, that Ryanair should seek other partners in the Chinese market. Two parties hold different proportions of equity and also share investment, management, risks and responsibility for profits or losses. At the beginning, owing to the fact that Ryanair stands at a disadvantage, it is imperative that gaining support from domestic firms make up the shortage of funds and resources. From all of the above, this measure is acceptable and advocated by local authorities, and they will even offer a preferential policy in the developing aviation industry. Yet it is certain that there will exist some drawbacks during the application of joint ventures. On the one hand, because of differences in background and corporate culture, a new company will be easily split on objectives and interests and even conflicts. On the other hand, sometimes both paties cannot reach a consensus in regard to equity allocation and operational control. At the end, it is often hard to coordinate globally on account of tight controls on a foreign subsidiary (Peng,2009). 4. 1. 2. 2 Partner: China Southern Airlines Based on an overrall consideration of various factors, Ryanair decided to choose China Southern Airlines as its partner. The following paragraphs show reasons why Ryanair mades the decision. First, highlights of China Southern Airlines follow. Its headquarter is in Guangzhou. The company is made up of 13 branches and 5 subsidiaries throughout China. Futhermore, China Southern Airlines has set up two bases in Shanghai and Xian, and it also owns 54 foreign agencies abroad. China Southern Airlines possesses the highest number of aircraft, 400, the most advanced air route network and the biggest passenger traffic that up to 66,280,000 persons. At present, with Guangzhou and Beijing as major hubs, their air route networks and ranges of business have spread throughout the main cities in the world. In 2008, China Southern Airlines was honoured with ââ¬Å"flight safety five starsâ⬠by the Civil Aviation Administration of China. Now it still keeps the longest safety records. China Southern Airlines always insists on ââ¬Å"Safety First Principleâ⬠On the premise of safety, the firm constantly brings forth management level and technology innovation to improve its strength and international competitiveness. China Southern Airlines is the only airline that fosters pilots independently. Second, in some ways China Southern Airlines and Ryanair are complementary, eventually accomplishing a win-win situation. For China Southern Airlines, in spite of the fact that it plays an irreplaceable position in domestic aviation, the pattern of company management still has gaps compared to other European airlines. By joining Ryanair, China Southern Airlines not only brings fresh blood but also receives advanced management patterning. China Southern Airlines can absorb Ryanairââ¬â¢s rich experience regarding corporate governance and human resoure management to achieve rational resource allocation and high employee efficiency. In the meantime, China Southern Airlinesââ¬â¢ business covers the whole country, and transport capacity cannot suit domestic marketââ¬â¢s demands. Ryanairââ¬â¢s entry could lighten its burden in some air routes. More importantly, China Southern Airlines has lost in terms of international air routes in recent years. Whilst Ryanair is the pioneer in the low-cost area in Europe. By means of Ryanairââ¬â¢s influence, China Southern Airlines could regulate tactics in Europe and make profits. Similarly, Ryanair can benefit from cooperating with China Southern Airlines. First and foremost, due to application of the joint venture, this it way complies with legal requirements, thereby diminishing entry resistance from the government to a great extent. Then Ryanair could develop smoothly regardless of culture or language differences under China Southern Airlinesââ¬â¢ strong brand support and resouce sharing. At last, China Southern Airlines will offer the permission of using its bases and airports and pilots to Ryanair. This measure will reduce the anxiety caused by the shortage of resources. This is the only way that lowers Ryanairââ¬â¢s operation costs and carries on its low-fare business in China. 4. 2 Market Targeting Strategy When it comes to the target clients of low-fare carrier service, it mainly focuses on the special group that is characterized by high sensitivity to fare, high-price elasticity and price factor as their first consideration. Southwest Airlines was awared of the chief competitors of airlines are highways and railways. Generally, in short air routes, customers are sensitive to price. Because of short flight time, they do not require high-standard services. As a result, it is difficult to capture more customers through service differentiation. With regard to how to choose a target market accurately, there are three elements to be taken into consideration: First, price factor. Customers who prefer low-cost carriers are distributed into three classes. Initially, self-funded travellers. In general, tourists are customers who visit families and friends in their schedule in advance. They pay attention to low fares rather than immediacy to save travel expenditures. Next, the main character of this group is time flexibility. Finally, general business customers. Due to high air-ticket prices, sometimes they are restricted by unit to take planes. Once low fare are implemented, there is no significant distance between air tickets and train tickets, and they will welcome low-fare air tickets. Another thing is the length of flight time. In the present situation of the aviation market, the majority of flights take 3 hours. In order to decrease costs and raise aircraft utilization rates for low-fare carriers, 2 hours would be preferred. Humans usually select transportation like railways and highways due to cheaper prices, even if they spend a long time on the journey. Low-cost air fares not only save much time but also let more customers have access to comfortable trips and services (Olson and Peter, 2005) 4. 3 Pricing Strategy There is no denying that low-cost strategy is the lifeblood for low-fare carriersââ¬â¢ existence. In the fierce competition of the aviation marketplace, flagship airlines launch their own ultra-low fare in the off-season. However, as flagship airlines are limited by high costs, offering low fares is only a temporary method to attract more customers. As a low-cost carrier, it is obvious that Ryanairââ¬â¢s fare should be much lower than the level of market. Only in this way can it obtain market share and optimize itself. So how to set its ticket prices? 4. 3. 1 The level of highest price Low-cost carriers are known for low fares, therefore their highest prices cannot go beyond the full price of economy class of flagship airlines. If the price is quite low, it will affect the companyââ¬â¢s profits. On the contrary, high price does not conform to the firmââ¬â¢s low-fare tenet. 4. 3. 2 The level of lowest price In China, owing to price control from the government, Ryanair could not implement its bottom-line price strategy. Hence, on the basis of regulation, Ryanair could properly provide two-thirds low fare tickets in every flight to draw customers. After the company develops and reaches the maturity stage, it could gradually reduce low-fare tickets proportionally. 4. 3. 3 The level of average price On the one hand, the average price must be higher than the average cost to guarantee the firmââ¬â¢s normal operations and profits, ultimately, fulfilling Ryanairââ¬â¢s sustainable development and expansion. On the other hand, the low-cost carrierââ¬â¢s average price should be markedly lower than he average price of flagship airlines to win stable and long-term customers and capture a market share. Through moderate pricing, althought Ryanairââ¬â¢s air tickets are low, it could increase the passenger load factor to improve profitability in every flight. 4. 3. 4 Price choice on peak- season and off-season In peak-season, like holidays or festivals, Ryanair could consider raising the price a little higher than usual in some special and hot routes due to high demands of these days. Likewise, in the off-season, the best way to stimulate customersââ¬â¢ consumption is to provide more low-fare tickets widely (Goddard, et al. ,2005) 4. 4 Marketing Strategy 4. 4. 1 Cooperation with mass commuication At the beginning of its China venture, Ryanair could take full advantage of its own aircraft to advertise for other companies through charging for advertisement fees. They could then spend this income on creating advertising compaigns for its low fare by means of newspapers, magazines, and television. Through a lot of press publicity, more and more people would be interested in this new thing. Moreover, people would be willing to get more information about low-cost carrier and they would like to enjoy so cheap price. At that moment, Ryanair could launch some promotion plans to stimulate customer interest. . 4. 2 Cooperation with local authorities Low fares are the lifeline of Ryanair, without this advantage, it is impossible to compete with other airines. So enhancing cooperation with local authorities is necessary. As a matter of fact, current price control policy makes it difficult to meet the competitive marketââ¬â¢s needs. Indeed, Ryanair should set a good example to abide by regulations, and then lead by example against unfair competition. Once having set up a good relationship with local authorities, Ryanair can obtain more benefits like use of second-level airports at very reasonable prices. . 4. 3 Cooperation with China Southern Airlines For Ryanair, air route selection and pilot demands are two main operation issues. With the help of China Southern Airlines, Ryanair can apply for the hottest tourism routes to carry out point-to-point flights. When the market turns to off-season, Ryanair should timely change its route to some charter flights. For instance, these years personnel, economic and cultural exchanges across the Taiwan Straits have kept increasing. Therefore, setting up regular air service in this route would satisfy demand growth. In the meantime, Ryanair uses single type aircraft, so it can share pilots and aircraft maintenance expense with China Southern Airlines, and this leads to cost decline. Finally, Ryanair could truly implement its low fare and foster a good and healthy company image. Whatââ¬â¢s more, in order to avoid heavy traffic at hub airports, Ryanair could widely increase the second-level airport utilization rate of China Southern Airlines. This would result in punctual rates and leave a good impression on the customers. Besides, China Southern Airlines also provides Ryanair with its sselling platform: online booking or using agencies all over the country. . 5 Summary To sum up, before Ryanair decides to enter the Chinese market, it should anticipate some problems that may happen during the process. Then, based on an overall consideration of various factors, Ryanair should plan to invest in the form of a joint venture with China Southern Airlines. The next step wold be Ryanairââ¬â¢s market targeting emphasis on self-funded travellers, customers who would like to visit families or friends and general business customers. At the same time, flight time should take two hours. Ryanair must keep an eye on this groupââ¬â¢s customersââ¬â¢s demands. After that, it should look to the high level, the low level, average level and different period price principles to set up flexible and appropriate air-ticket prices. As to marketing, Ryan air should coordinate the relationship with mass commuication, local authorities and China Southern Airlines. Only combining the strategies listed above can Ryanair achieve global optimization and obtain long term development. 5. Conclusion The entry into the Chinese market is an essential step of Ryanairââ¬â¢s expansion plan outside Europe. In this way, it is inevitable that Ryanair will face a rare chance for development as well as tough challenges. Therefore, this paper firstly summarized Ryanairââ¬â¢s own competitive advantages and showed why Ryanair possessed the capability to extend its low-cost business in China. On the basis of this, Ryanair must have a profound and thorough understanding of the new market, for instance: current policies and laws of aviation, Chinese customersââ¬â¢ consumption concepts and behaviours, and the differences between China and other European markets. Hence, the next section objectively amplified on the internal and external environments with SWOT and PESTEL analyses. On the whole, although in some aspects Ryanair is still subject to Chinese aviation regulations and laws, owing to the fact that aviation develops at high speed and given the domestic marketââ¬â¢s huge demand, the Chinese aviation environment is suitable for low-cost airlines existence and advancement. In accordance with the environmental analyses, specific business strategies to enter China are proposed. At first, Ryanair should adopt a joint venture to cooperate with China Southern Airline. Only in this way can it reduce entry risks and restrictions from the government. Then, on that premise, Ryanair should set up a market target strategy, pricing strategy and marketing strategy in detail. Ultimately, Ryanair will fulfill its purpose of entering Chinese aviation smoothly and achieving success there. In this study, there still exists a problem to be considered How to cite Strategic Analysis for Ryanair to Enter China, Essay examples grossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2000828488116446633.post-43595393273448016222020-05-05T14:51:00.001-07:002020-05-05T14:51:07.789-07:00Florist Window Display-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment Questions: 1.What are the type of display. 2.What is the purpose of the Window Display. Is it to promote a product, event, day or season? To sell a lifestyle, product or service? 3.Discuss on the elements and Principles of display and how they have been applied in the Window Display. Answers: Types of Display 1.Type of Display Open window: There is no glass panel in front or solid wall at the back of the display The display is enclosed with a large glass in front and an opaque wall behind. The purpose of Window Display This display aims to promote the products of the seller. Elements and Principles of Display. Attractive: The display looks attractive and appealing to the ladies to purchase the dresses. A good window display should capture the attention of the target clients(Alqui, 2013). Appropriate: The display is appropriate and therefore, it attracts customers instead of disappointing them. The variety of the colors used in the display makes the display more attractive(Stovall Construction Inc, 2015). Neat: The above display is neat and clean. The neatness of the display is met by both the aspects of cleanliness and arrangement(Lawrence, 2016). Adapting similar display at my workplace I will adapt this frost window display at my workplace by displaying variety of flowers on the front view of the store. I will arrange the flowers based on the color and sizes to ensure that they capture the attention of many customers as possible. Props and Materials used to create the display. Stands: They were used to hold the items in different positions to demonstrate to the potential customer all the products being offered. . Colors. The combination of several bright colors have been applied to make products on display attractive and visible. Potential Issues arising There is a possibility of construction problems arising. This display has consumed a lot of space that could have been used productively to stock more products. Alternatively, the available space is not enough to establish this type of display at my workplace. There is also a possibility of the display blocking other sellers stores. Two weeks maintenance required. The display at my workplace will still be new, and therefore it may be difficult to establish the appropriate display. Therefore, the crucial maintenance during this period will be focused on changing colors, arrangement and the type of products displayed to determine the style that looks more attractive to the customers. The style that seems to attract more clients during this period of two weeks will be selected as the right window display. Window Display 2 2.Type of Display. Open Window: There is no glass panel in front or solid wall at the back of the display. The purpose of Window Display. This display can serve two purposes. First, promotion. The display woos customers to purchase the products. Secondly, it can serve as an event display. For example, a birthday event arrangement can adopt this concept. 3.Elements and Principles of the Display. Attractive: This display is attractive in the sense that it is well balanced and it has applied a variety of items, proportion, and harmony. Besides, the colors used in the display looks more attractive and appealing to the customers. Memorable: The attractiveness of this display can make it memorable to the viewers to the point of sharing its attractiveness with their friends. The theme of the display has combined both art and design and can deliver a message to all viewers. Additionally, if this display is used for an event like a birthday, it will be more memorable. Appropriate: Materials, props, and color that have been used in the display to capture the attention of the customers. This makes the display suitable for its intended purpose(Kennedy Parsons, 2016). Neat: This display has both the elements of cleanliness and neatness. Neatness has been achieved through the well-organized arrangement of all the items on display. On the other hand, despite the window display being the opened one, the aspect of cleanliness has been well observed(Burns, 2010). How to adapt this concept to my workplace Concerning the type of the jewelry products, we are selling at our store it may be difficult to use the same arrangement. However, applying this concept I can arrange jewelries in stands as displayed on this window. Props and Materials required to create the window display At my workplace, I will require jewelry stand. Additionally, painting different attractive colors on the surroundings will be appropriate to increase the visibility all items. Potential Issues arising The big problem that can accrue to this window display is a logistical issue. The arrangement of the products and the same time ensure their accessibility by the customers may be the challenge. This because while the customers are entering the store may block the display. Two Weeks Maintenance required. Maintenance in the first two weeks will focus largely on seeking for the appropriate arrangement. This will include placing different types of the jewelries base on the color and size on the stand and changing the location of the stand. The more appropriate arrangement will then be adopted. References Alqui, J. (2013, September 7). Five Principles of an Effective Window Display. Retrieved from CreativityWindow: https://creativitywindow.com/2012/01/5-principles-of-an-effective-window-display Burns, L. D. (2010). The Effects of Window Display Setting and Background Music on Consumers' Mental Imagery, Arousal Response, Attitude, and Approach-Avoidance Behaviors. Oregon: Oregon State University. Kennedy, A.-M., Parsons, A. (2016). Store Front Window Displays over Time and their Teachings. Auckland: Auckland University of Technology. Lawrence, S. (2016, June 7). Elements and Principles of Design for Visual Merchandising. Retrieved from https://www.vmplus.com.au/elements-and-principles-of-design-for-visual-merchandising/ Stovall Construction Inc. (2015, June 19). Common Types of Windows Used in Retail Store Construction. Retrieved from Stovall Construction Inc: https://www.stovallconstructioninc.com/news/common-types-of-windows-used-in-retail-store-construction/#sthash.wlgzmg6o.dpbs grossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2000828488116446633.post-39249638725280549032020-04-01T17:48:00.001-07:002020-04-01T17:48:02.371-07:00Contribution of Learning English as a Second Languagegrossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2000828488116446633.post-71444022634874530122020-03-07T23:51:00.001-08:002020-03-07T23:51:02.286-08:00buy custom Environment Protection and Sustainable Developmentbuy custom Environment Protection and Sustainable Development Environment Protection and Global Warming Introduction The environment is an essential part of human existence and people are required to protect the environment for future generations as part of sustainability. They have to take care of the environment even as they rely on its resources in their daily lives. However, the global warming debate has not lacked controversy as different ecologists come up with diverse perspectives on the actual nature of climatic changes. Admittedly, global warming has massively caused diverse changes to the environment, and this has led to the development of differing perspectives on its actual nature. In some quarters, human beings have been blamed to be the sole contributors to global warming. Other ecologists affirm that human beings cannot be solely blamed for the rampant global warming since it is a natural occurrence that has been in existence from time immemorial. The different perspectives raised on the nature of global warming have necessitated further research on global warming with a view to establishing the truth behind this disastrous happening. Other ecological perspectives on global warming relate to the actual effects on global warming on the Earth. Some believe that global warming is taking a toll on Earth a high rate while others opine that the real effects of global warming are bound to be felt centuries after now. It is vital for humans to gain an in depth understanding of their own environment and factors that might contribute to its degradation. This will be vital in the understanding of the association between human activities and global warming that has been the bone of controversy around the globe. grossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2000828488116446633.post-69287899453935196032020-02-20T15:15:00.001-08:002020-02-20T15:15:02.690-08:00Architecture and Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsArchitecture and Strategic Management - Essay Example (Hale, 2000; P 5) Clustering distribution centers in a single geographic area is among the new trends. There is also a move towards transportation specialization, such as companies that depend on substantial parcel air transport. Labor availability and technology advances are factors driving many companies to consolidate their distribution and structural systems into fewer but larger, regional facilities. However, not all companies are consolidating their distribution centers: in many areas, the consolidation trend itself is producing a new generation of smaller, local distribution centers. Experts say that new logistical handling systems and greater outsourcing-in particular, the increased use of third-party logistics providers-seem to be driving this trend. This trend has had a large bearing on how architects are being perceived. With the advent of management as a wholesome science that has trickled into every industry and profession, architects are now expected to handle the managerial aspects of construction and design. One of the major implications for this is cost control and financial projection, health and safety management as well as development control. When involved in a project, the major fo... When involved in a project, the major focus is on the economics and what can be achieved within a given budget. Passing this down to the architects has various dimensions to it. The creative part can be better coordinated and decided in the initial stages so as to avoid chaos later. The demerit of this is that the focus might shift from the creative to the strategic management options where some architects might be ill equipped to handle such responsibilities. The solution to such a problem is a short course or orientation program in financial and development management when educating or selecting architects. Incident Command System for High Rise Buildings Risk is also a major part of the strategic management and development part of a structure. The above diagram is a depiction of an example of sectorisation for a high rise building. The sectorisation for high rise buildings must consist of the optimum deployment and utilization of resources. Managing a high rise building is a matter of creating sectors so as to give out commands easily and smoothly in case of strategic, tactical and operational importance. The sectors for operation must include: Vulnerability assessment & intrusion detection systems Risk assessment & risk management Backups & business continuity planning Disaster recovery planning Computer incident response teams Digital investigation & incident post-mortem Privacy & anonymity in cyberspace; censorship & content filtering Management responsibilities & liabilities The future of information assurance Professional development The Harrow Court Incident The Harrow Court Incident refers to the tragic chain of events where two firefighters - Firefighter Wornham and Firefighter Miller - lost their lives on the 2nd of February, 2005. The grossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2000828488116446633.post-44495508436350329022020-02-04T21:56:00.001-08:002020-02-04T21:56:03.183-08:00Internal Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsInternal Analysis - Essay Example rategic ways on how Wal-Mart can make use of its strengths in order to take advantage of its opportunities within its external environment will be thoroughly discussed. In the process of discussing some ways wherein the company could experience continuous business growth, recommended ways that could make Wal-Mart strengthen its weaknesses and avoid unnecessary external threats will be provided. For the conclusion, whether or not it is possible on the part of Wal-Mart to strengthen its position in the market will be defended by an argument. As a retailer, Wal-Mart has successfully established a strong brand name over the years. By selling consumer products at relatively low prices, the company managed to have the biggest market shares throughout the retail industry in the United States. (Bianco & Zellner, 2003) Due to the excessively large size of the company, it becomes very difficult on the part of its purchasers to maintain the availability of some of its product within the store outlets. Because of the weak purchasing network that causes insufficient supply of T-shirts in some of Wal-Martââ¬â¢s retail store outlets during the second half of 2007 (Bianco, 2007), the company experienced a huge business opportunity loss. Aside from having a weak purchasing network, Wal-Martââ¬â¢s growth strategy was reported to become inefficient since 2005. (Bianco, 2007) Basically, the rapid business growth that the company has achieved over the past few years enabled Wal-Mart to capture as much of its target market. For this reason, it becomes very difficult on the part of the company to use the same growth strategy in the near future. Even though the overhead costs of Wal-Mart significantly increased from 16.4% in 2000 up to 18.6% in 2007 (Bianco, 2007), the company is often being accused of underpaying its employees with low salary of US$8.23 per hour or US$13,861 each year (Bianco & Zellner, 2003). Having the idea of following the retail store structure of European grossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2000828488116446633.post-73556041370174680542020-01-27T18:20:00.001-08:002020-01-27T18:20:06.231-08:00History of AlzheimersHistory of Alzheimers Learning From Alzheimers On November 25, 1901, Dr. Alois Alzheimer, a 37-year-old neuropathologist and psychiatrist at the Hospital for the Mentally Ill and for Epileptics in Frankfurt, Germany, examined a female patient with an unusual mental illness. Her symptoms included memory loss, language problems, and delusional behavior. After the patient died in 1906, Alzheimer examined her brain and found strange formations of the amyloid plaques and tau tangles. Today, Alzheimers disease is the sixth-leading cause of death in the United States. People with Alzheimers progressively lose memory, language skills, and the ability to perceive time and space. The risk of developing Alzheimers also increases with age. Like PD, the underlying disease of Alzheimer starts decade or more before diagnosis. While the exact mechanism by which the disease spread isnt known, the pathology is driven by the aggregation of misfolded proteins either amyloid-beta plaques or tau tangles, or both with the damage spreading from neuron to neuron in a prion-like manner. Alzheimers researchers have recently developed some ingenious tools to help track the disease in the living brain. In 2002, Chester Mathis and the psychiatrist William Klunk developed the PET imaging method to detect and measure amyloid-beta deposition in the brain of living Alzheimers patients. The method involves injecting patients with a radioactive tracer that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and bind selectively to the amyloid-beta protein. The detectors surrounding the patients head capture the radiation emitted by the tracer and convert them into a picture that represents the relative amounts of plaque buildup in different parts of the brain. PET imaging is an example of a biomarker, a metric that can quantify the progress of a disease in a living patient more sensitively than a clinical test like the UPDRS. No such imaging technique yet exists that can detect alpha-synuclein aggregates in the brains of people with PD. Other potential biomarkers are chemical assays that estimate the amyloid content in a patients cerebrospinal fluid, circulating blood, and urine. In the past decade, with the help of biomarkers, Alzheimers researchers have tested numerous drugs designed to target and break down amyloid-beta plaques. While some showed promise in open-label studies, they all failed when tested in phase 3 trials in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimers. One possible reason is that the drugs were given too late in the disease. To address that issue, Alzheimers researchers are working on three early-intervention studies. The first involves an extended family in South America. They are descendants from an individual who carried a rare mutation, called the Paisa mutation, for a heritable form of Alzheimers disease. By late 20th century, the mutation had spread to around 5,000 people in the city of Medellin. This Alzheimers kindred came to the attention of the University of Antioquia neuroscientist Francisco Lopera. A simple genetic screening test can determine which kindred members possessed the bad gene. Those individuals with the bad gene could be given anti-amyloid-beta drugs long before they showed any cognitive impairments. Loperas project is part of the Alzheimers Prevention Initiative headed by the psychiatrist Eric Reiman at the Banner Alzheimers Institute in Phoenix, Arizona. In the trial, the Paisa volunteers get a baseline cognitive assessment plus a biomarker evaluation (involving PET imaging, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and other assays) to measure the distribution of amyloid beta. They are given Genentechs drug crenezumab, or a placebo. Researchers follow individuals for at least five years. A second genetic study also part of Banners Alzheimers Prevention Initiative involves 1,300 currently healthy individuals age 60 to 75 in Europe and North America. Members of this cohort are at high risk of developing Alzheimers because they have been identified as carrying two copies of a gene called apolipoprotein E4. Such people are not guaranteed to develop Alzheimers like carriers of the Paisa mutation, but their risk is extremely high. Study subjects will receive either a placebo or one of two experimental drugs developed by the Swiss pharmaceutical company Novartis. The third study, known as the A4 trials, is supervised by Dr, Reisa Sperling of Harvard Medical School. It involves a cohort of 1,000 healthy individuals age 70 or older. The individuals in the group exhibit normal cognitive abilities but also have higher than normal levels of amyloid-beta plaques in their brains as measured by a PET scan. This puts them at higher risk for developing Alzheimers. The question is, can that risk be reduced or eliminated? *** PD researchers require imaging and other biomarkers for alpha-synuclein that enable scientists to identify people and also to monitor the disease as it progresses. Chester Mathis and his colleagues are developing a radiotracer that will bind to alpha-synuclein and yield a PET image for PD. The PET tracer is just one element in a bigger Fox Foundation project the Parkinsons Progression Marker Initiative. The idea is to follow several groups of people forward in time performing clinical exams, taking biological samples, and doing multiple imaging scans along the way. Other researchers are looking elsewhere for Parkinsons biomarkers that might allow for early diagnosis. Kathleen Shannon and her colleagues at Rush University Medical Center accessed old colon biopsies performed during routine colonoscopy procedures for three individuals who went on to develop PD. Because these biopsies were done two to five years before the onset of the PD motor symptoms, they provided an opportunity to see if alpha-synuclein was present in the gut before motor symptoms emerged. Another possible place to look for alpha-synuclein is the submandibular gland. Charles Adler of the Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, Arizona, biopsied the submandibular glands in twelve people with PD for more than five years and found Lewy pathology in nine of them. The British mathematician Max Little has developed computer algorithms to analyze human voice recordings to detect irregular patterns in PD patients. His PD Voice Initiative uses phone call data as potential biomarkers to diagnose and measure the progression of PD. Key Takeaways Alzheimers researchers have developed some ingenious tools to help track the disease in the living brain.To address the issue that the drugs were given too late in the disease in human drug trials, Alzheimers researchers are working on three early-intervention studies. Inspired by the Alzheimers researchers, PD researchers are working on multiple fronts to develop biomarkers to track PD in the living brain. grossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2000828488116446633.post-27318290784476756982020-01-19T14:44:00.001-08:002020-01-19T14:44:02.865-08:00The Richness of Olive Oil Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research PapersThe Richness of Olive Oil When I think of olive oil, a picture suitable for a postcard comes to mind: rows of olive groves, pasta figgoli, Pavarotti singing, and Grandma Garone rubbing olive oil on the heads of my father, Vincenzo, and his brother, Francisco. Their hair would take on the Italian look: dark and sheen, slicked back, reminiscent of John Travolta in Saturday Night Fever. Grandpa Garone owned acres of olive groves in a small village outside of Naples in Southern Italy. Each day, his workers collected the olives and made batches of fresh olive oil. When my grandparents came to America in 1925, they smuggled in as much olive oil as they could carryââ¬â12 gallons worthââ¬âfor fear they would find nothing like it here. Pungent, thick, and drab to emerald green in color, olive oil comes from the fleshy pulp of the fruit of an evergreen tree grown exclusively in temperate climates: Spain, Southern Italy, Greece, and, more recently, California. In 1775, the first California olive trees were planted around the state at the various Spanish missions. Today, Californiaââ¬â¢s olive oil industry constitutes less than 0.5 percent of world production because only 3 percent of the 110,000 tons grown in California is used to make olive oil. The rest is canned and consumed as olives; preserving the olives costs less and is more time efficient than pressing for oil. California has four major varieties of olive: Manzanillo, Mission, Sevillano, and Ascalano. The Mission, named for the Spanish missionaries who introduced it, is most commonly used to make oil because of its high oil content and its ââ¬Å"low pit to flesh ratio.â⬠More than 300 other varieties of olives are grown in California. Sounding like female characters in a Fellini film... ... United States, it is unique, compared to the bread and butter usually served in Italian restaurants. By serving the oil with the bread, Kuletoââ¬â¢s is supposedly emulating Italian culture, at a pretty high price. Would this practice be so popular if olive oil tasted more like Crisco? The distinctive flavor, as well as the romantic and pastoral images conjured up by traditional strong olive oils, make this oil a winner in todayââ¬â¢s overflowing market. Even the painter Renoir had something to say about olives: ââ¬Å"Regardez cette lumiere dans les oliviers: Ãâ¡a brille comme un diamant.â⬠(Look at the light in the olive trees: it is brilliant like a diamond.) It is the oil that makes them shine like diamonds. And it is the bucolic images of the Italian countryside that will draw consumers back again and again to the richness of olive oil, both in flavor and on the body. grossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2000828488116446633.post-85657953242152003442020-01-11T11:08:00.001-08:002020-01-11T11:08:02.602-08:00Ponzi scheme and Madoff FraudPonzi scheme is a fraudulent undertaking whereby the investors are duped into a seemingly profitable deal. The clients are asked to ââ¬Å"investâ⬠their money in a venture to earn huge interest rates. This normally works through the payment of the earlier investorsââ¬â¢ interests and principals by using the later investorsââ¬â¢ principal amount. This illegal activity got its name after Charles Ponzi of England (1920s). Bernard L. Madoff and Ponzi scheme Bernard Madoff, 70, is the former chairman of Nasdaq Stock Market. He held the position till December 2008 when he was arrested over alleged possibly the largest fraud ever in history.He is the founder of Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities, which undertakes market-making, and acting as middleman in buying and selling of securities, but is since under receivership after a court order was obtained to place an injunction on its operations by the Security Exchange Commission. (Mike, 2008) It was revealed that Madoff had a separate and secretive investment arm of his firm which was running on a separate floor of their premises. The firmââ¬â¢s financial statements were kept ââ¬Å"under lock and keyâ⬠and Madoff was ââ¬Å"crypticâ⬠about the firmââ¬â¢s investment arm, according to some top level management employees of the firm.This secret investment arm is the one under investigation due to believe that it is where the Ponzi scheme was perpetrated. (Mike, 2008) Madoff was very smart in playing the Ponzi scheme. He filed false returns with the Securities Exchange Commission, and fabricated gains claiming that its investments together with accounting and audit firms it ran were highly lucrative. At some point for example, Fairfield Sentry Ltd, Madoffââ¬â¢s hedge fund ran by Madoff Investment Services to invest in the shares in Standards & Poorââ¬â¢s 500. Fairfield claimed that its share index had risen by 5.6%, while that of S&P 500 had fallen by more than 30%. Fairfield was late r said to be down by 0. 06% when that of S&P 500 had fallen by about16%. The firm was averaging 10. 5% annually since its inception in 1990. These statistics are quite illogical to believe, and is one way in which Mr. Madoff managed to survive through his Ponzi scheme. (Mike, 2008) The firmââ¬â¢s losses accrued up to $50 billion since it was no longer able to meet its customer demands. This is after clients requested for about $7 billion when they had only about $250 million in the account. (Mike, 2008)Prevention of similar frauds The SEC should be made more proactive. For instance, warnings such as those of Harry Markopoulos, a financial analyst, should have been taken seriously by the SEC since he started his revelation back in 1999. The hedge fund of Mr. Madoff too didnââ¬â¢t register till September 2006, which is too late. Recommendation for enforcement of law, such as Sec. 17 (a) of the Securities Act 1933, Sec. 10 (b) of Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and rule 10b-5 th ere under, and sections 206(1&2) of the Advisors Act of 1940, will also help prevent such frauds.It is worth to make public the reality of rates of interests offered by a firm to its clients. This creates transparency and some sense of genuineness of a firmââ¬â¢s undertaking. The accounting professionals also should be made to learn from such cases to prevent future occurrences of the same vice. Public awareness programs can be broadcasted through media too. This will warn investors to be careful in their choice of investments portfolio. Reference: Mike, S. (2008, December 13th). Biggest Fraud in History $50 billion Madoff Ponzi Scheme. Retrieved April 4th, 2009, from The Market Oracle: http://www. marketoracle. co. uk/Article7769. html. grossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2000828488116446633.post-89730798568156528732020-01-03T07:32:00.001-08:002020-01-03T07:32:02.520-08:00Rape in India - 1190 Words Rape in India Brittany Jones As a woman in the United States, rape is the ultimate nightmare, but to women in India itââ¬â¢s everyday life. Many rape victimsââ¬â¢ stories just show how the police in India fail to respond adequately to crimes, especially crimes involving children or women. On February 14th, three girls that were five, nine, and 11 were raped and murdered in the village of Lakhni, India. When the girlââ¬â¢s grandfather reported the girls missing to the police nothing was done about it. After two days, the girls were found dead in an old water well. The bodies were reported as ââ¬Å"accidentalâ⬠deaths. Nobody took any notice to the girlââ¬â¢s deaths until protestors blocked a national highway in uproar of the police inaction. When aâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The rape of a young child 13 and under could be served a sentence of up to life. However, unlike India the term is expected to be served rather than the convicted just being executed, or in Indiaââ¬â¢s views, hu ng. I personally feel that rape is a very serious crime and itââ¬â¢s something that can also affect someone for the rest of their lives. Reading about India and how lightly they take rape crimes just baffles me. I canââ¬â¢t imagine what the mother of these three little girls was going through, especially with the police having no interest in the fact that her daughters were missing. Itââ¬â¢s sad to think that someone could be so heartless to not care about little girls being brutally raped and murder, however Iââ¬â¢m sure had it been the police forces children it would have been a whole different story. People these days are not only bias but they tend to care only about their selves and ignore the feelings of others. Iââ¬â¢m from a small community where everyone knows everyone and everyone is willing to lend a helping hand. When someone in our town were to die the entire community would come together to help, even if it was just giving their condolences. I realize however that Indiaââ¬â¢s culture is very different than ours and not to mention the situations seem much more dangerous. Even though rape crimes seem to be a very frequent crime to them, you would think the police force would take a notice and try and stop this constant reoccurrence rather than ignoreShow MoreRelatedVictims of Rape and Torture in India1272 Words à |à 5 Pagesof being attacked at any moment. There are big threats such as rape and other forms of torture that women in certain countries have to live in fear of everyday. Women are targeted all around the world. Two counties in which this problem is very prevalent are India and Pakistan. These two countries are not the only places in which this happens but recent ly, there have been even more instances of these types of attacks. In India, rape has been a very pressing issue for quite some time, but it wasnââ¬â¢tRead MoreGender Based Violence Against Women1238 Words à |à 5 PagesGENDER BASED VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN: A CLOSER LOOK AT INDIAââ¬â¢S RAPE PROBLEM Background When the sex of a girl or a woman drives the infliction of violence towards them, it is regarded as a form of gender based violence (Heise et al., 2002). Violence against women, regardless of the form, can occur in various stages of the womanââ¬â¢s life (Murthy and Smith, 2010), and refers not only to physical and sexual acts of violence, but also encompasses verbal abuse, emotional torture, economic deprivation, andRead MoreWomen Of The Indian Society1304 Words à |à 6 Pages INTRODUCTION Not enough people understand what rape is, and until they do ... , not enough will be done to stop it. ââ¬â Rape victim, quoted in the book by Groth in 1979 (p. 87) India, a nation which had Mahatma Gandhi as its role model of uprightness became so remarkably violent and corrupt that the women can no longer be safe within their bodies. Mahatma Gandhi who defeated the Britishers to save the Indians by relying on non-violence is considered as the father of the nation, but his senseRead More The Death of Indian Culture Exposed in The Jewel In the Crown1315 Words à |à 6 Pagesthe subsequent rape of Daphne Manners, and the after effects on British and Indian relations. At a time when British and Indian affairs were strained, at best, the rape of Miss Manners is significantly metaphoric of the British rape of Indian land and culture. British colonial sentiment became a primary influence in India, when the revolt of 1857 led to the reorganization of British influence. The British felt that India could not rule itself, that they (the British) would govern India as its benefactorRead MoreThe Status of Women in India in the Past, Present and Future Ess ays1157 Words à |à 5 Pagesserious ethical issues in India today. Gender inequality in India is described as a preferential treatment arising out of prejudice based on the gender. The aim of this research is to discuss the status of women in India in the past, present and future and discuss any political movements which took place in the society in order for Women to be regarded as equal. BODY India has always been one of the ancient civilizations to treat women with respect. Women in ancient India were held in high esteemRead MoreThe Between Modern Liberal Agenda And Traditional Islam964 Words à |à 4 Pagesa movement towards a system that promotes individual rights can be achieved in congruity with a system that respects religious freedoms. By analyzing cases of the female experience in conjugal relations, family relations, and civil opportunity in India, a problem can be seen in the deprivation of individual opportunity as a cause of a disjuncture between normative practices of Islam (which are, in fact, often congruous with that of liberal philosophy) and the cultural practices ingrained among MuslimRead MoreThe Indian History And The Status Of Women1275 Words à |à 6 Pagesin the cases of Devi and Sori (Dobhal 2011: 598). Mother India, commonly termed as Bharat Mata in Sanskrit is the national personification of India as a mother goddess which is widely depicted as a woman clad in a saffron sari holding the national flag. The position of women was high in India and some might argue that degrading positioning of women in the society is influenced by the impact of colonialism. However, the womenââ¬â¢s status in India declined prior to the arrival of the colonial power withRead MoreHistory is not important in Intercultural Relations Essay639 Words à |à 3 Pagesintercultural relation by considering several aspects: firstly, discuss German nationalism affected the relation between the European in early 20th century, secondly, the post first world war issues in the Paris Peace Conference, Lastly, the comment from the India crime chief. Firstly, the Germanââ¬â¢s history shown German became nationalism in late 19th to early 20th century and united by Otto von Bismarck1. In early 20th century, nationalism of the German had become extreme, people believed that their countyRead MoreA Report On The Crime Of The State Of Uttar Pradesh Essay1386 Words à |à 6 Pages If the news of gang rapes can horrify you then how about watching them on CDsââ¬âvideos of these horrific incidents recorded by the perpetrators themselves? Unfortunately, this is true . As Al Jazeera came across story of rape videos, as they are called, being sold in their hundreds in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India, it decided to examine the subject and set off for a journey to different regions of the state. What we learnt from our experience and investigation is that it is not an open marketRead MoreMarital Rape And Sexual Rape1177 Words à |à 5 PagesMarital rape is rape committed by the person to whom the victim is married. Many decades passed before there was ever a law against marital rape, even today India, along with other countries do not have a law against it. Some people will say marital rape is impossible and others will say it is totally possible and is considered an actual rape. Mandal says, if the legal category of rape implies sex without consent and the legal understanding of marriage entails compulsory sex, then the two will be grossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2000828488116446633.post-67538726609920471352019-12-26T03:58:00.001-08:002019-12-26T03:58:04.714-08:00The Influence of Interest Groups on Public Policy The Influence of Interest Groups Introduction An interest group is an association of individuals or organizations who share ideas and/or attitudes and attempt to influence public policy without trying to be elected. These groups may also be known as advocacy groups, pressure groups, or lobbying groups. Berman and Murphy (2011) note that American democracy is influenced by a number of well organized groups designed to persuade government policy toward a particular outcome. Although many distrust these groups the reality is they are a link between the public and policy makers. Interest groups are formed for a number of reasons. Economic interest groups encompass organizations that speak for big business while trade associations may represent entire industries. Public interest groups, government interest groups, religious interest groups, civil rights interest groups, ideological interest groups, and single issue interest groups all try to sway their influence over public policy. Many of these groups make their national headquarters in Washington D.C. to be near legislators and policy makers (Burstein Linton, 2002). The number of interest groups in the United States has grown quickly over the last half century. From 1959 to 2001 the Encyclopedia of Associations shows increase from about 6,000 to 22,000 reflecting a growing diversity in interest groups. While trade groups once dominated the scene this is no longer the case, very few occupations of industries do not haveShow MoreRelatedInterest Groups And Their Influence On Public Policy1416 Words à |à 6 PagesInterest groups are organized to create an influence in governmental policies. Interest groups abide by three structures: interest groups share common interests and goals, they are an organized structure, and they desire to influence public policy. Interest groups come in many different sizes and backgrounds but all are important to representatives and reelections. Interest groups typically release documents with representative ââ¬Å"report cardsâ⬠to indicate how well or not a representative is votingRead MoreAmerican Civil Liberti es Union Of Michigan ( Aclu )1378 Words à |à 6 PagesInterest Groups with a Mission to Help Flint Residents Gain Access to Clean Water Introduction Interest groups are collections of people with common interests, beliefs, concerns, or goals who advocate for public policies that coincide with their agendas. These groups are most influential when they are formal, have a standardized agenda for policy change, and are non-governmental actors. One of the most recent and crucial issues to many environmentally minded interest groups is the Flint water crisisRead More The Interest Group Essay1015 Words à |à 5 Pages An interest group is a group that seeks a collective good, the achievement of which will not selectively and materially benefit the membership or activists of the organization. These organizations try to achieve at least some of their goals with government assistance. The difference between interest groups and political parties is that political parties seek to constitute the government, whereas interest groups try only to influence it. Some of the things that interests groups seek from governmentRead MoreModels of Public Policy1550 Words à |à 7 PagesMODELS FOR POLICY ANALYSIS Uses of Models. The models we shall use in studying policy are conceptual models. Simplify and clarify our thinking about politics and public policy Identify important aspects of policy problems Suggest explanations for public policy and predict its consequences Selected Policy Models. INSTITUTIONALISM: POLICY AS INSTITUTIONAL OUTPUT Government institutions have long been a central focus of political science. Public policy is authoritatively determined, implemented, andRead MoreEconomic Inequality Of The United States910 Words à |à 4 Pagesmeans that the top 1% of wealthy group is gaining more, but the middle and lower classes are hardly maintaining the same earnings or even making fewer profits than before, arguably the latter happens more often today. This controversial issue - the economic inequality that has been increasing significantly since the 1970s, seemingly attributed to the expansion of interest groups, which in turn negatively impacts the democracy in the United States. The interest groups in the United States started toRead MoreCorporate Internal Policy Interference : A Paramount Determinant Of The Mncs Direct Influence Over Government Policy1547 Words à |à 7 PagesSection III ââ¬â Corporate Internal Policy Interference A paramount determinant of the MNCs direct influence over government policy is the subsystem of government policy development that includes the intense cooperation and competition between external and internal interest groups. This policy subsystem includes powerful structural industry groups that utilize economic power to create alliances in government and directly influence policy development (Eisner, p. 137, 2007). This subsystem is stable inRead MoreSpecial Interests Groups and Political Participation Paper1102 Words à |à 5 PagesSpecial Interest Groups and Political Participation There are many Special Interest Groups involved in the influence of public policy. The view about the influence these Special Interest Groups create is that their attempts are biased to their special interest and the interests of their clients. Unfortunately, the influence of the most well funded interest groups overshadows even the most well intentioned under funded interest groups. This paper will focus on one special interest group thatRead MorePolitical Parties And Interest Groups1088 Words à |à 5 Pagesparties and interest groups are able to get citizens to participate in politics and political party participants or interest group members. This is a comparison and contrast paper. The following will be a comparison between political parties and interest groups. Three points will be mentioned. The first point will be the purpose, the second will be the role they play and finally three strategies parties and interest groups use to get people to participate. A political party is a group of dedicatedRead MoreWhy Voting Is Important For Public Policy853 Words à |à 4 Pages Voting is very essential and one of the easiest methods to influence public policy. You just need to be registered, and go to a polling station. It is simple because the government encourages people to vote, to hear a broad range of opinions. It is a form of direct democracy because when you vote, it directly affects the side or issue you support. Your vote is one more supporting opinion for a candidate or issue that is counted. Some people may think that their vote wonââ¬â¢t make a big differenceRead MoreThe Presidential Campaign And Obama s Administration970 Words à |à 4 Pageswas interest groups and lobbyists. Obama had to deal with interest groups all throughout his presidency, whether it was dealing with Congress or his interaction with committees. Over time interest groups have taken on a larger and more important role in government. The intera ction between interest groups and Obama played an influential role in shaping his presidency. Special interest groups are a group of people, usually formally organized that share a common concern and wish to influence public grossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2000828488116446633.post-33467446364787266692019-12-17T23:47:00.001-08:002019-12-17T23:47:03.284-08:00Essay about The Pros and Cons of Nicotine - 1500 Words Positive and Negative Aspects of the Chemical Nicotine Nicotine, one of the most unusual psychoactive drugs known, and the primary pharmacological agent of addiction in cigarettes, triggers powerful physical and psychological reactions in species as diverse as cockroaches and humans. Nicotine has been proven to boost concentration, improve memory and control body weight, as well as alleviating the symptoms of Alzheimers and Parkinsons Disease sufferers. However, research has also established that nicotine adversely affects babies in utero and may explain the link between smoking and problems such as Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Attention Deficit Disorder. The hope for the future is that scientists will be able to separateâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Nicotine has a powerful addicting effect because it is absorbed rapidly into the pulmonary circulation following inhalation from which it passes through the left side of the heart and into the cerebral circulation. It rapidly crosses the blood-brain barrier and binds to specific receptors in various parts of the brain. Stimulation of receptors by nicotine results in the activation of a number of neurohumoral pathways leading to release of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, vasopressin and various hormones. Nicotine causes the release of the substance b-endorphin, an endogenous peptide that also binds to opiate receptors. This indicates a link between addiction to opiates, such as morphine and heroin, and addiction to nicotine. Nicotine affects nearly all components of the endocrine and neuroendocrine systems, including catecholamines, serotonin, corticosteroids and pituitary hormones. Some of these endocrine effects are mediated by actions of nicotine on brain neurotransmitter systems. In addition, nicotine causes skeletal muscle relaxation and has cardiovascular effects. Nicotine is a powerful substance in controlling brain function. It interacts with specific receptors in brain tissue, and initiates metabolic and electrical activity in the brain. The individual cells within the brain, the neurons, release a whole array of chemical signals in communication with oneShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of E-Cigarettes752 Words à |à 4 PagesPros Cons Sure, smoking cigarettes are bad for your health, but that does not mean that the better alternative is e-cigarettes and vapor products, although there are some differences that may seem to make them the better choice. Cynthia Cabrera, executive director of the Smoke-Free Alternatives Trade Association, explains that there are many factors that make e-cigarettes and vapor products less harmful, and safer than actual cigarettes. When you use these products as opposed to smoking an actualRead MoreHow Substance Abuse Can Be Harmful At The Societal And Individual Level1255 Words à |à 6 Pagestreatment available for workers, and they are over-the-counter medicines and prescription medicines. Nicotine-based medicines include transdermal nicotine, patch, nicotine gum, nicotine lozenge. The component of these drugs is nicotine, and it will help a smoker in fighting off cravings. The smoker will gradually reduce his or her nicotine intake and will also ease off the addictive effect of nicotine. The type of smoker that will benefit from this treatment is the one suffering from Asthma, ulcersRead MoreEssay on Lawsuits Against Big TobaccoÃ⦠Justified or Not?1991 Words à |à 8 Pagescompanies in 1998, there has been much controversy over whether or not these lawsuits are justified. On the pro side of the argument there is much evidence to support that the tobacco industries have long known about the dangers of cigarette smoking. Furthermore that this knowledge warrants the need for compensation. In addition the industry has concealed this knowledge from the public. On the con side of the argument evidence shows that these lawsuits have been based on false claims primarily in regardRead MoreEssay about Electronic Cigarette Legalization Analysis982 Words à |à 4 Pagesconsuming nicotine despite its more popular tobacco products. Even though the effects of consuming large amounts of nicotine in a personsââ¬â¢ system is unknown, the unbanning of electronic cigarettes in Los Angeles decrease the harm second-hand smoke causes as well as the health risks associated with toxic tobacco products such as cancer. Electronic Cigarettes are healthy, not only providing a safer alternative to a persons nicotine craving and a cleaner version of the traditional nicotine supplementRead MorePersuasive Essay On Smoking1236 Words à |à 5 Pagescigarettes (or anything) causes a personââ¬â¢s thoughts to be centered upon their addiction. Smokers are constantly worried about ensuring they wonââ¬â¢t run out their last pack or misplacing their lighter and having to step away from social events to get their nicotine fix. Throughout the 1900s, cigarettes were a symbol of status and were very popular for all people, especially those who were wealthy. Nobody thought about the harm that it was causing their bodies. There had been no research done proving howRead MoreEssay on The Negative Consequences of Smoking886 Words à |à 4 Pagespoisonous. There is Acetone; which is used in nail polish, Ammonia, which is a household cleaner. A cigarette also holds Arsenic which is used in rat poison. The worst substance inside of cigarettes is Nicotine. Nicotine is an addictive substance and is what keeps most smokers coming back to smoke. Nicotine is present inside of the tobacco leaves inside of the cigarette and when ignited and inhaled, it comes into contact with the brain at around ten seconds. It is best that people not smoke; especiallyRead MoreElectronic Cigarettes Should Be Regulated924 Words à |à 4 Pagesa 32 year old had a burn from the first degree after the E-cig he was smoking blow up in his face (electronic cigarettes should be regulated, 2015). In 1963, Herbert A. Gilbert patented the first E-cig, whose produced Cigalike device to heat the nicotine resolution and create water vapor (electronic cigarettes should be regulated, 2015). But Hon Lik, a Chinese pharmacist, made the modern E-cig in 2003, to control the smoking desire (electronic cigarettes should be regulated, 2015). On other handRead MoreElectronic Cigarettes Should Be Regulated923 Words à |à 4 Pagesa 32 y ear old had a burn from the first degree after the E-cig he was smoking blow up in his face (electronic cigarettes should be regulated, 2015). In 1963, Herbert A. Gilbert patented the first E-cig, whose produced Cigalike device to heat the nicotine resolution and create water vapor (electronic cigarettes should be regulated, 2015). But Hon Lik, a Chinese pharmacist, made the modern E-cig in 2003, to control the smoking desire (electronic cigarettes should be regulated, 2015). On other handRead MoreTeenage Smoking In Teenagers886 Words à |à 4 Pageshorrible effects to your body. The first reason why smoking isnââ¬â¢t a problem among teens is they care about what they look like to others. Smoking makes your teeth yellow, your clothes smell like smoke, and people donââ¬â¢t want to be around you. The nicotine in cigarettes stains your teeth, hands, and nails (ââ¬Å"15 Ways Smoking Ruins Your Looksâ⬠). All of these things arenââ¬â¢t ideal for a teenager to look like. Teenage girls really care about their hair, but when you smoke your hair can thin and turn grayRead MoreInterview : Interview And Observation1348 Words à |à 6 Pagesreduces the amount of oxygen available to the muscles, brain and blood. This makes the heart work harder. Over time this causes airways to narrow and blood pressure to rise, which can lead to heart attack and stroke. High levels of CO, together with nicotine, increase the risk of heart disease, hardening of the arteries and other circulatory problems. long-term effects of smoking (Quit Victoria, 2010) that may be experienced include: â⬠¢ increased risk of stroke and brain damage â⬠¢ eye cataracts, macular grossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2000828488116446633.post-83129811963084443542019-12-09T20:29:00.001-08:002019-12-09T20:29:03.537-08:00Strategic Information System AIS/ERP Systems Question: Discuss about the Strategic Information System for AIS/ERP Systems. Answer: Introduction A good number of companies have been rated to perform reasonably well across the globe because of the systems that they have developed when it comes to dealing with their processes. The subject systems are mainly computerized and have been able to input the concept of technology which has made it easier for better production of the companies output. The systems that are normally associated with better performance of the mentioned companies are those of AIS/ERP (Conference Simulation and Planning in high Atonomy Systems Kim 2005). AIS/ERP is an abbreviation for Accounting Information System. This is a system whose main aim is majorly on collecting or gathering, storing and processing the data of accounts that are mainly applicable in decision making procedures (Association for Information Systems 2004). The magnitude of the task done by an Accounting Information System shows that, the system is generally a computer based method that is used for tracking the activities of accounting in conjunction with the resources of information technology. The research in context is therefore based on AIS/ERP systems that will be applied offered as an alternative to the clients in the two cases that are provided. On the same point, this research also exhausts inner definition of business process and its requirements, determination of the system requirements, software selection and finally vendor selection (Desrist 2013). Research Question Research on how technologies could be used to improve the operations of the company above in areas of accounts and operations with regards to AIS/ERP System Problem Statement Due to poor performance that was noted in Disk4u Company in matter of accounting and operations, the company decided to consult on how technologies could be used to improve its areas of accounts and operations with regards to AIS/ERP system (Ferran Salim 2008) Research Objective 1.3.1 To determine the full meaning of AIS/ERP systems 1.3.2 To determine how the system has proved vital for the problem in context 1.3.3 To exhausts at least one type of research system that is relevant to the research Hypothesis of the Study The research study was mainly conducted for purposes of improving the operations of various companies and organization. This was out of the perception that a number of companies have not been performing well based on poor techniques of operations that are not aligned to technology (Harindranath 2002). Chapter Two Research Literature Review Case 1 Step One Analysis There is a presentation of two cases, one being of Sydney Based Company known as Disk4u and it majorly deals with the selling of CDs and Vinyl records. The company is among the small family owned business that is spread out within the Metropolis of Sydney. It is noted that the current situation of their business is on offering sales to their esteemed customers on shop fronts, vial mails, phone orders and new online channels through Ebay (Grabot, Mayere Bazet 2008). The techniques of sale for this company is argued to have greatly improve the products and services output especially on their manual accounting as well as business reporting. Nevertheless, the company is not comfortable with its status quo and has therefore has called on consultancy in areas of accounts and business systems. It is also captured that the main aim of the company in question is to be informed of and understand how technologies with respect to the mentioned systems could be used to improve the operations of the company (Government Commnication Information System South Africa 2004). Importance Of Technology With Regards To The Above Case The use of technology as mentioned in the introductory paragraph is a vital area that can easily accelerate a company or an organization into greater highs. The company in context can easily adopt technology especially in areas where it was seeking for consultancy services (accounting and system of operation). For years technology has been given the consideration of a formal and a wide spread remedy of success (Otto 2008). It is out of increased knowledge in technology that there has been the adoption of accounting information system (Iinternational Conference on Application of natural language to information systems 2011). Therefore, there is likelihood that the adoption of technology by Disk4u Company can improve their areas of accounts and even scale them to greater heights. The first way on how the subject is possible, is on the adoption of a number of AIS systems that are relevant to their areas of concerns (International Conference on Research and Practical Issues of Enterprise Information Systems Poels 2013). For example, the company in context adopting the use of computers in their operations. Computers are one of the AIS systems that have got the ability to gather financial data, process and finally accounting the data for key company stakeholders for purposes of decision making (KhoSrow-pour 2006). Other than that, a computer also has got the ability to store the financial records and even companys book of accounts in soft copy. This particular AIS system has got several software selections within it that allows it to be of benefit to companies and organizations. Nearly every business or organization across the globe has got accessibility to this particular AIS system due to its vitality (The journal of strategic information systems 2010). On the other hand, the other means by which the operations of the company in context can be improved is through the application of system based records. Though a computer is also an example of a system based record, there are other system base records that can perform those functions that a computer can perform. System based records or system of records are mainly used for the purpose of generating organizational records and also the filing of the records. If the company adopts this kind of system then it will be able to keep track of its activities and at the same time will be able to make continuous assessments to its way or mode of operation. In addition, Accounting Information system are designed in a number of ways to fit the needs of accounts and general operations of a company, some of the ways in which they designed includes; financial accounting, auditing managerial of accounts as mentioned previously and finally issues that are tax related amongst others (Llewellyn 1976). Technology with regards to AIS can greatly improve the operations of a company at a greater length as mentioned in the above paragraph. Furthermore, it is known to everyone in the business domain that technology reduces the work load of a company and makes tasks easy to perform. It also increases efficiency and end products value. Other than that, AIS/ERP systems are usually cost effective and thus will be able to improve the operations of the subject company without consuming much money. It was mentioned in the research outline that the company is ready to apply the application of technology into its operation for the purpose of efficiency but it is also keen on ensuring that its budget does not go above an estimate of $ 150,000 (Mcllod 2000). The irony is that, the subject system if applied especially in areas of concern as mentioned in a number of paragraphs, there is a possibility of the budget being reduced by almost half. This will mainly be pegged on the reduction on workload that would have brought a number of employees on board who in the end must be paid for their ervices (Nash Roberts 2014). The system in context will perform the task with only the help of a few experts but the end result will be of vitality. Requirements of AIS/ERP systems in order to improve the operations of Disk4u Company in view of issues related to accounts and companys operations The AIS/ERP system has got a number of requirements or necessities that needs to be brought on board for them to operate effectively. Most of these requirements are mainly those that support their operations and allow them increase output. The major requirements are power and expertise. On matters related to power, most of the AIS system are electronically made and therefore depends on electricity for powering. On the same aspect, it also requires expertise to operate them.AIS/ ERP can only be operated by those who have the relevant knowledge on operating them because they deal with very technical issues that are vital companies. Apart from the already discussed, AIS/ERP systems also involves a number key areas, these areas are on software selection and vendor requirements. Software selection is a very critical area when it comes to the development of the system in question. This is because; its development must incorporate the overall task it is intended for. Like in the case of Dis k4 Company, the main intent is for it in line with technology to help in matters of accounts and also operation management. It is therefore vital that the selection of softwares to be in line with the work intended. In this particular case, there will be a need for an AIS/ERP system that can easily deal with and handle accounting related problems and operational issues. Case Study 2 Research Analysis on the case study in context. This case study about a Victoria based rice and wild rice producer known as Sungate Foods. It is noted that, the rice producer above, mills up to around 80 tons every hour especially in situations where it is in peak seasons (Strategic information systems NCC Blackwell and Remenyi 2012). In the financial year 2013, the rice producing company in context, employed a base of 100 staffs who were based mainly in three processing warehouse that is located in Western Victoria and a marketing office that is in Melbourne. Sungate is also noted to enclose tons of storage of about 125,000 square feet and 300,000 metric tons of storage. The subject Victoria rice and wild rice producer owns it own rail spur of about 250,000 square feet of blacktop and also pollutant control equipment that is used for scrubbing almost 240,000 cubic feet of air per minute. It is mentioned in the case in context that when the season is at its peak, processing of the produce can reach up to 80 tons per hour and staff tops 200 on 24 hours a day and a seven days week shifts. The case goes further to illustrate that to illustrate that Sungate buys from about 350 farms, then makes packages, distributes and then sells to people within the local environment as well as international level (Pole, Mayer Walters 2002). The staffs of this particular producing company are mentioned to be working weeks making a compilation both financial and reports of business mainly those that have their origin from the patchwork of ISs and other related formats. Research on the information system that can be used by Sungate to improve its company operations especially in areas that deals with accounting and various business reports A number of experts both in the business domain and in the field of accounting as a profession have always argued it out that information is software that is made or designed for purposes of organizing or even storing data (Remenyi 2012). An information system therefore, enables business companies to answer technical questions and solve problems to the mission of raising the standards of their companies and organizations. Since Sungate is a company that seems to be faced by a number problems and issues and it is because of this fact that it has seen need for consultancy in areas matters related to information system and technologies, there would be more than one information system researched on for purpose of improving its operation, especially on matters of accounting and business reporting. The first system that would be used by Sungate would be that on expert system and neutral networks. This particular system is also reffered to as knowledge based system. It a computerized system that is used for data analysis and also production of recommendation, this system is thus important to Sungate because it will have a number of input that it will bring to the subject rice producing company. The ability of a computerized information system will be on processing data, offering analysis and finally making the necessary recommendations that will spur the organization to the next level. If Sungate adopts this information system in context, if adopted by Sungate Foods which is a Victoria based rice and wild rice producer, there will be elimination of a number of problems that the company would have face should it not adopt it (Molander 2008). Some of the areas that this information system would be applicable would be on making packages of their products. In this case, Sungate may decide to connect the packaging activity with technology and this will automatically increase its overall output. Though not mentioned, the case study provided may give a brief overview of the current situation of the company. If incase the information system in question is adopted, then there will be an indirect increase in the accounts of the company. The reason that is pegged to this is on the inc rease output which will automatically increase the financial accounts of the company. Another point that can also be of interest if this information system is adopted would be on data management and analysis. This can be both applicable to the areas that were mentioned in the case in discussion (accounting and business reporting). Data management is possible in accounting because just like in any field of relevance where data is involved, the same applies to accounting. The only difference is that, the data in accounting is reffered to as financial data. Once this data is managed, then, it is possible for the data to be analyzed and even used in decision making (Mcllod, 2010) Information systems). Other than the mentioned example of information system to be adopted by Sungate Company, the other type of information system that can also be used is that of decision support system. Though it may seem as if the system in context is used for purposes of decision making, the perception is false. This particular information system influences business reporting as well as accounts at a greater extent. The influence is indirect. This is because the system is aligned with the promotion of better decision making. Once better decisions are made, the decision made will be applied to the accounting procedures and in the end both the companys operation and accounting procedures will be improved. Looking at Sungate Food which is a Victoria based rice and wild rice producer, there is a likelihood that should it adopt the information system in context, then its output will be of benefit to the company. In addition to the mentioned, the system in context can also affect the overall activities of the company in question. In normal circumstances, systems that are related to matters of decision making are considered the best by key company operators. The system in context ensures that everything is put into place and the morale of even the employees is at a better stand. In the end, the financial accounts of the company will show a positive graph and matters of operation will equally be enhanced. The third information system is that of management information system. Under management information system, this is where the concern of Sungate Company on business reporting is addressed. Business reporting involves giving all the information that is related to the business. Therefore, the mentioned information system directly links or relates to with the requirement of the company in context. Methodology Qualitative method Research on Case study 1 This research is purely based on qualitative analysis method because it seeks to make inquiry about certain facts or issues. In the research analysis above, it is evident that Disk4u Company is seeking on consultancy on key areas related to their business so as to improve its operation as well as its general accounts methods (Wisemen Wisemen 2008). Research on Case study 2 Just like the first case, the research method that will be applied on the second case is that of qualitative. This is because, it also seek to ascertain some vital information or facts. For the second case, the producing company in context seeks to know information that are system related, and to determine the type of system that will best suit the operations of the company. The suitability of the system will determine whether, if the system is applied or put into consideration will improve the workability of the company and in the end increasing its operations (Laudon Laudon 2000). On the same note to support the qualitative method, the company again is concerned with the adoption of technology that will enable it erase most of the problems that they encounter. Therefore, with the explanation given, it is clear that it is qualitative method of research that aims at achieving certain objectives especially in a business environment, just like in the case of Sungate (Pelphrey 2015). Therefore, the research method in context fits the research for the second case. Finally, another information system that can also be used by Sungate Company is that of transaction processing. Transaction processing system is one which ensures that there are smooth transactions taking place in a business environment. In the case study, matters of transaction are not well taken care of. Transaction can occur in several ways, including in specifics mentioned in the research question (United States Information Agency 2007). That is on matters of accounts as well as matters that are related to business operations. This information system can therefore be used or can be applied in assessing the financial transaction of Sungate. By so doing, Sungate as a company will be able to monitor most of its transactions with regards to accounts and perform favorably in the business domain. Other than the discussed perspective, it can be deduced that, since the system in question is majorly concerned with transaction, it will therefore have a direct influence on business reporting (Vickery 2013). The reporting of the business will be made easier and more productive because a number of concerns or activities have been taken into keen consideration. This method thus fits in the environment of Sungate Foods which is mainly a Victoria rice producer as well as a wild rice producer. As a way of finalizing on the research in context, it is vital to note that all the above discussed concerns including those on information systems are technologically updated and are therefore likely to offer much output to the firm in question (Ward Griffith 2006). Conclusion This research task has extensively touched on issues that are related to AIS/ERP systems for the client. It has also included the main definition of business process and a development its requirement. On the same objective, it has also determined related system requirements, software selection and finally matters of vendor selection. The research has also looked at two case studies and has extensively made a coverage on key areas pertaining technology among other key areas that are technology related as well as those that deals with information related systems. The systems have been explained extensively and how they can help improve the organizational overall output in the final end. References Association for Information Systems. (2004). Information systems journal. [Oxford, England], Blackwell Science Ltd. https://firstsearch.oclc.org. Conference on Al, Simulation, and Planning in high Atonomy Systems, Kim, T. G. (2005). Artificial intelligence and simulation: 13th International Conference on AI, Simulation, and Planning in High Autonomy Systems, AIS 2004, Jeju Island, Korea, October 4-6, 2004: revised selected papers. https://site.ebrary.com/id/10531345. Desrist (Conference), Brocke, J. V., Hekkala, R., Ram, S., Rossi, M. (2013). Design science at the intersection of physical and virtual design: 8th International Conference, DESRIST 2013, Helsinki, Finland, June 11-12, 2013. Proceedings. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=3096821. Ferran, C., Salim, R. (2008). Enterprise resource planning for global economies: managerial issues and challenges. Hershey, PA, Information Science Reference. Grabot, B., Mayere, A., Bazet, I. (2008). ERP systems and organisational change: a socio-technical insight. London, Springer. Government Commnication Information System (SOUTH AFRICA). (2004). Strategic plan: Government Communication and Information System (GCIS), 2004-2007. [Pretoria?], [Government Communication and Information System?]. Harindranath, G. (2002). New perspectives on information systems development: theory, methods, and practice. New York, Springer. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=3079164. Iinternational Conference on Application of natural language to information systems, Munoz, R, Montoyo, A, metals Natural language processing and information systems: 16th International Conference on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems, NLDB 2011, Alicante, Spain, June 28-30, 2011 : proceedings. Heidelberg, Springer. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=3066825. International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Engineering Ssytems, Khosla, R., Howlett, R. J., JAIN, L. C. (2005). Knowledge-based intelligent information and engineering systems: 9th international conference, KES 2005, Melbourne, Australia, September 14-16, 2005 : proceedings. Springer E-Books. https://site.ebrary.com/id/10528955. International Conference on Research and Practical Issues of Enterprise Information Systems, Poels, G. (2013). Enterprise information systems of the future: 6th IFIP WG 8.9 Working Conference, CONFENIS 2012, Ghent, Belgium, September 19-21, 2012, Revised selected papers. Berlin, Springer. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=3096930. (2001). The journal of strategic information systems. [Amsterdam], North-Holland. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09638687. Laudon, K. C., Laudon, J. P. (2000). Management information systems: organization and technology in the networked enterprise. Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice Hall. Llewellyn, R. W. (2006). Information systems. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall. KhoSrow-Pour, M. (2006). Cases on strategic information systems. Hershey PA, Idea Group Pub. https://www.books24x7.com/marc.asp?bookid=13266. Mcllod, R. 2010). Information systems. New York, Macmillan. Molande, R. C. (2008). Strategic information warfare rising. Santa Monica, CA, RAND. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truescope=sitedb=nlebkdb=nlabkAN=47926. Nash, J. F., Roberts, M. B. (2014). Accounting information systems. New York, Macmillan. Otto, A. (2008). Entwicklung von Datenschutzrollen fuÃÅ'Ãâ r das AIS im SAP ERP. SaarbruÃÅ'Ãâ cken, VDM Verlag Dr. MuÃÅ'Ãâ ller. Pelphrey, M. W. (2015). Directing the ERP Implementation: A Best Practice Guide to Avoiding Program Failure Traps While Tuning System Performance. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truescope=sitedb=nlebkdb=nlabkAN=974062. Pole, R., Mayer, T. F., Walters, C. B. (2002). The correspondence of Reginald Pole. Aldershot, Hants, England, Ashgate. ). Strategic information systems. NCC Blackwell. Remenyi, D. (2012 United States Information Agency. (2007). USIA strategic information resources management plan. Washington, D.C., U.S. Information Agency, Office of Technology, Planning Division. Vickery, B. C. (2013). Information systems. [Hamden] Conn, Archon Books. Ward, J., Griffith, P. M. (2006). Strategic planning for information systems. Chichester, Wiley. Wisemen, C., Wisemen, C. (2008). Strategic information systems. Homewood, Ill, Irwin. grossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2000828488116446633.post-86062706135888626322019-12-02T08:11:00.001-08:002019-12-02T08:11:03.903-08:00Management Method of Jack Ma free essay sample Mission5 Teamwork6 Conclusion 7 Reference8 Introduction Jack Ma is a legend , he is the leader of Alibaba , the founder of the world first E-commerce platform. Jack create a miracle , his company use to be a small company with only 500000 yuans capital , now its market capitalization become more than 20 billion dollar . Jack know less about technology information , but he proficient in management , in his opinion , if you have enough management skill layman also can manage the expert . He believes , a good leader must be versatile ,in his understanding, the relationship between leader employee customer and owner is really important , good management method can help you to solve all these questions . In the following article I will introduce some Jack Mas management skill and talk about the reason of his success . Target Nowadays there are always more choices for a us, but this may not be a good thing for a company , so the leader should have a clearly target , their work is not finding new opportunity but say no to useless things to them . We will write a custom essay sample on Management Method of Jack Ma or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Leader should find out the most correctly way for his company , make sure they will run on a normal track . Jack Ma use a story to explain this point of view : if there are 10 rabbits , which one should you catch ? Too much choices will made you feel dazzle , the person who wants to catch all the rabbits must be the loser , cause they can not concentrate on one thing , and can make decision . So iust seize the opportunity which is best for you . Jack Ma believes ,A company who wants to be successful must concentrate on one target , too many goals will disrupt morale , employees not knowing which course to follow . Jack Ma raised that , ALibaba should be a longevity company , he proposed a goal for long and directional , he said this kind of goal can do good on the development of his company . Because of this kind of goal derives a series Alibaba s related system and culture . Of course , the reason why Jack can notice the specific importance of a concentrated target is : When the company was found , Jack use to attract plenty of enterprise s MBA to his company by big amount of funds , but 12 senior manager except him was overseas staff , so the company did not run well because of their different management methods and goals. This gives him a lesson , so he knows that , staff who have dreams and willing to pay for the company is much better that a staff just used to work in a big company , the latter are technical-oriented , they are not stable and have their fixed pattern , if they work together , they must imped each other . Alibaba needs staff who have dreams for their team , they working for Alibaba s dream , a long life company , in their first venture period they only use one month to turn their company from world ranking 8000 to 2000 . Now it become a world famous company , so we can know the importance of the target . System of Values Jack Ma used to talk about the importance of culture to a company in his lecture , just like company s DNA , system of values is the nuclear of organizational cultural . System of values is a judgment of the importance of things , the system of values of a organization is a decision factors of development . What is the important things to Alibaba , Jack Ma summed up as six pats : customer first , integrity , dedication , change ,passion and teamwork . Jack Ma put customers in the most important part , staffs should become customer service to their instinct . Jack knew that , nowadays concept is very indistinct , what the customers need are genuineness service . The nuclear is made their product according to the market and listen to customers attentively . As a E-commerce platform , Alibaba use the world s original creation B2B system , after exchange their idea to customers , they found the main problem that over 87% company worry about is integrity , so Alibaba first provide Trustpass service . Jack Ma s opinion is provide good service so that we can have more customers . After B2B system , Alibaba then create B2C and C2C system and new trading platform like Zhifubao . Jack Ma considered that short term passion is worthless , only lasting passion can make money . But what is lasting passion ? Now Alibaba is ! 0 years old , the average age of their staff is 26 , Alibaba is still in childhood , after 10 years the company become 20 , their staffs are 36 years old , they are in prime of life and have boundless prospects . Jack leave more chance for the young people , cause they can last the passion of the company , Jack Ma s management method tell us we should give more chance to young people , they are the fresh bloody for a company , they can always inject passion to their work and make good use of their competition . Mission Mission is a kind of identity , for business occupation is staff s mission . Mission is the eternal power for staff . Jacks third management method is based on training staff s mission , make staff work for them wholeheartedly . Looking at the world-renowned enterprises , their success is inseparable from the mission . As a E-commerce platform , Alibaba use the world s original creation B2B system . After B2B system , Alibaba then create B2C and C2C system and new trading platform like Zhifubao and Aliwangwang . Jack found a college for cultivate the business ability of college students . They also provide training lessons for their own staff so that they can improve themselves . They departure from the fundamental , provide more chance for young businessman . Except for providing quality service , Alibaba also undertake social responsibilities initiativly . Jack Ma treat his own business career as a public property. During the period of WeiChuan earthquake in 2008 , Alibaba donated 5000000 , after that they established a special fund of 25 million . Because of this kind of mission and dedication for clients and customers , made Alibaba become a reliable company . Teamwork In Jack s opinion , CEO means customer , employee and owner . He also think that the biggest fortune for a entrepreneur is his employee , they are a team , a team provide chance for the hole companys success . One piece of log creates a small fire, adequate to warm you up, add just a few more pieces to blast an immense bonfire, large enough to warm up your entire circle of friends; needless to say that individuality counts, but team work dynamites. said Jack Ma . Businesses of today are largely concerned about their profits. They are taking every possible step to increase their turnover. The most important aspect that has a very substantial and positive impact on any business is teamwork. Effective teamwork is very significant for a company to use employee potential to the fullest. Teamwork is not only used in the corporate world to achieve targets on time, but also in the world of sports. If a team works towards a goal collectively, no one can stop it from reaching its goal. Due to the importance of teamwork in business, employers prefer to hire employees who are good team players . For becoming a good and effective team player in your company, you are required to have a particular set of skills and capabilities said Jack Ma You most importantly should have a good listening skill. This surely proves to be useful in listening to ideas, views, suggestions and conceptions of other employees or subordinates. You should be able to discuss the ideas and strategies suggested by your colleagues. Encourage the participation of every member in the team for a collective effort to achieve a goal. You also need to be able to share knowledge and understanding among the team members. A not to be missed skill is to give respect to others. If you want to be a good team player, you should learn to respect people and their ideas. These are just a few essentials that are required for becoming a good team member. Why is Teamwork Important in Business? Jack Ma Said there are several reasons Achieving Goals It is a widely understood concept, that united we stand and divided we fall. Same is in the case of a team in a business. Collective team activities are very important if the company or a process wants to reach its goal. There are some tasks that cannot be done individually, but can be easily accomplished by working in a team. Increasing Individual Learning In simple terms, a team is a group of people who have come together for achieving a common objective. Therefore, in a group of people, there are many intelligent minds and brains working. When team members work together as a team, they can learn the skills and capabilities of each other and advance their knowledge. This certainly can be beneficial in your professional as well as personal life. Resolving Conflicts There are many types of conflicts that may arise in the company, which may in turn have an adverse effect on the collective output. In order to resolve business conflicts; the knowledge, understanding and expertise can be used efficiently for determining solutions to the problems. This significantly helps the business to grow. Good Communication Communication is an inevitably important factor in teamwork. When employees work in a team, they are able to pass on their ideas clearly. This rules out the possibilities of miscommunication due to complex hierarchy in the company. And due to ideas and concepts passed clearly, there is no scope for misunderstanding. Generating New Business Improvement Ideas If a manager encourages team members to participate in collective decision making, he will be able to reach a good strategy by considering views and suggestions from all members. The business can also think of incorporating ideas suggested by the team members. Employee participation in the management is a very effective tool in meliorating business strategies. Those in the team leadership should conduct team building activities for letting employees know each other better, and work in a team effectively. Conclusion Jack use his special management method create a new era for both him and his company . Alibaba now the world famous company bring us lots of successful experience that worth to learn . A successful leader should know how to manage his company , good management method can bring us not only profit but also plenty of potential wealth . Reference PuZhu 2008 10-01 Jack Ma Talks about Management HaiTian publishing house Teamwork(2010),baidu,[online],availablefrom http://www. buzzle. com/articles/why-is-teamwork-important. tml Jack,MasManagement,(2008)xinlang,,availablefrom http://ilove07ad. blog. 163. com/blog/static/1272196572009931391948/ Leadership or Alibaba ,(2010),xinlang,available from http://blog. sina. com. cn/s/blog_4c6c39790100096a. html Jack Ma talk about Management (2008),xinlang,available from http://ishare. iask. sina. com. cn/f/21979664. html Leadership challenges (2009),baidu available from http://www. linkedin. com/answers/international/internationalization-loc alization/INT_INZ/56289-8296586 grossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2000828488116446633.post-58384295655191591232019-11-27T00:46:00.001-08:002019-11-27T00:46:03.923-08:00milfoil in the northwest essaysmilfoil in the northwest essays In Northern Idaho weed infestations of lakes, rivers, and streams have been increasing over the last few years. Doug Freeland is the Northern Idaho expert on a particular type of underwater weed, milfoil, that is rapidly spreading through many freshwater sources in Idaho as well as the rest of North America. Freelands expertise has been used by Idaho counties, Washington counties, and the US Forest Service on the particularly nasty weed. Eurasian milfoil, or formally, Myriophyllum Spicatum L, comes from the Latin "mille" and "foille" meaning "thousand leaf." This is an accurate description of the weed; from a thin stem that rises from the bottom of lakes or rivers, many small, delicate green leaves about 2 to 5 inches in length emerge. The stem can continue to grow to the surface of the water and bloom a small flower above the surface for pollination. Eurasian milfoil spreads and grows quickly like dandelions in a lawn, but milfoil presents more of a problem than an eyesore. In some Washington lakes and streams, milfoil is a leading killer of native underwater plant life and native fish. Milfoils chemical processes are poisonous to most fish that try to feed on the plant and other plants cannot compete with its rapid growth. Milfoil has caused even more problems though. Swimmers have become tapped and drowned in some thickly grown infestations in Western Washington. Obviously, milfoil has become an ecological and s afety issue over the past few years. Doug Freeland has been heading the battle in Northern Idaho to control the weed. Milfoil spread is due mostly to humans because boat bottoms, boat motors, fishing equipment, and other water craft catch the milfoil spores or pieces of milfoil and can easily spread the weed to a different body of water. There is a possibility of natural spreading of the weed; for example, spores could attach to the bottom of a duck that flies to another lake or stre ... grossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2000828488116446633.post-52060663316145258642019-11-23T08:20:00.001-08:002019-11-23T08:20:03.403-08:00Using Antes and Related Spanish PhrasesUsing Antes and Related Spanish Phrases Antes is a common way of sayingà before, but it is often necessary to use it in the phrases antes de and antes de que.à How To Use Antes The easiest way to think about the differences between antes by itself and the two phrases is to consider which part of the sentence antes connects with. If it affects the meaning of the entire sentence or of a verb, then its functioning as an adverb and stands alone. Another way of thinking about this, although it doesnt cover all instances, is thatà if it makes sense to translate antes as beforehand or earlier (theyre both adverbs) then you should use antes by itself: Antes fuimos a la ciudad. (Earlier, we went to the city.)No lo habà a visto antes. (I had not seen it beforehand.)Yo corrà a ms antes.à (Earlier, I used to run more.)Antes habà a muchos casos de tuberculosis en las zona. (Before, there were many tuberculosis cases in the area.) Antes de (not antes de que), on the other hand, functions like a two-word preposition and connects with a noun that follows (or an infinitive functioning asà a noun): Fue difà cil viajar antes de la era industrial.à (It was difficult to travel before the industrial era.)Yo tenà a miedo antes del comunicado oficial.à (I was afraid before the official announcement.)Llene este formulario antes de salir.à (Fill out this form before leaving.)No creers cà ³mo Disney hacà a sus pelà culas antes de las computadoras. (You will not believe how Disney made its films before there were computers.) Finally, antes de que (or antes que, a regional variation used the same way), functions as a subordinating conjunction, which indicates the connection between one event and another and is followed by a noun and a verb (or a verb where the noun is implied): Necesito perder peso antes de que empiece el verano. (I need to lose weight before summer begins.)Mi padre se fue antes que yo naciera.à (My father left before I was born.)Antes de que estudiemos el sol, aprenderemos un algo sobre los tomos de hidrà ³geno.à (Before studying the sun, we will learn something about hydrogen atoms.)Controle su ira antes de que ella le controle a usted. (Control your anger before it controls you.) Note that as in the above examples, the verb following antes de que or antes que is in the subjunctive mood. This is true even when the subjunctive verb refers to something that definitely will or already has happened. One way of understanding the differences is to look at the three variations used in sentences that begin the same: Lo sabà a todo antes. I knew it all before. (Antes affects the meaning of the entire sentence and functions as an adverb. This is the only example of these three where beforehand or earlier would work as a translation.)Lo sabà a todo antes de hoy. I knew it all before today. (Antes de functions as a preposition with hoy, a noun, as its object.)Lo sabà a todo antes (de) que comenzara el trabajo. I knew it all before the job began. (Antes (de) que indicates the time connection between what could otherwise be two sentences.) Ante vs. Antes Although ante is sometimes translated as before, it should not be confused with antes. Although the two words are clearly related, they have separate uses. In modern Spanish, ante is a preposition that means before only in the sense of being in the presence of or in the face of. Common translations include in front of or facing. It can also be translated at considering or compared to. Ha subido las escaleras y se ha colocado ante la estatua de la diosa. (He had climbed the stairs and had planted himself in front of the statue of the goddess.)En una ocasià ³n me invitaron a hablar ante las estudiantes de la Escuela de Negocios de Harvard. (One time they invited me to speak before Harvard Business School students.)Tenemos que aprender a ser tolerantes ante nuestras diferencias raciales. (We need to learn to be tolerant in light of our racial differences.)à ¿Te gustarà a vivir ante la playa y con maravillosas vistas a mar y montaà ±a? (Would you like living facing the beach with marvelous views of sea and mountain?) Key Takeaways Antes functions as an adverb that, when used by itself, typically means before or earlier.The phrases antes de and antes de que function as a two-word preposition and three-word conjunction, respectively.Ante is a preposition that often means in front of or considering. grossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2000828488116446633.post-15063136579119336202019-11-21T04:34:00.001-08:002019-11-21T04:34:15.273-08:00Case #3 Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words#3 - Case Study Example Innovation is forming new ideas and coming up with solutions for the problems which arise in the future. It is a tool which the entrepreneurs use as an opportunity to acquire sustainability in the business and differentiating the product from that of the competitors. Through the use of innovation, competitive advantage can be acquired and this enables the businesses in acquiring a dominant position within the industry (Muller, Và ¤likangas, & Merlyn, 2005). Innovation is integral for the organizations in the modern day business environment. Innovations allow businesses to manage operations successfully and allow to come up with new ideas which support the business. The change in the locality is one of the biggest factor which impacts on innovation. Culture of the economies assists in the way organizations operate and propose methods through which the competitive advantage can be acquired. The culture of the society, success factors in the past, productivity in the area, efforts applied and management practices are dominant factors which aid the process of innovation. In the entrepreneurial setup, the factors such as knowledge sharing, development of competencies, quality control, culture of the organization, research & development and availability of funds can be considered as major contributors of the process. All these factors which prevail in the culture determine the study and performance of the firms. Allocation of funds and planning appropriate methods for utilizing the funds are extremely important for the business. During the planning and implementation phase the entrepreneurs need to adapt appropriately to the process (Zayas, & Garcà a, 2008). The small business entrepreneurs need to focus on the business operations. This is another important factor apart from innovation and breakthrough ideas. Strong management skills and catering exactly what the customers need are important for managing the business (Fenwick, 2003). From the research, it grossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2000828488116446633.post-51058607767852866002019-11-19T21:06:00.001-08:002019-11-19T21:06:03.461-08:00Modern-day Slavery and abused domestic workers in kuwait EssayModern-day Slavery and abused domestic workers in kuwait - Essay Example There are several cases that domestic workers, who have been abused by their employers tries to escape and the Kuwaiti law allows the employers to sue these domestic workers for trying to abscond and they get these workers deported at the end of the day (Human Rights Watch, 2010). This trend can only encourage modern-day slavery in Kuwait as there have not been stringent laws to curb the excesses of employers that abuse their domestic workers. This situation is rather different from the one in the United States of America as the government of the country has made efforts to reduce the problem of modern-day slavery to the barest minimum. The US government has given the domestic workers the right to sue their employers whenever they feel they have been maltreated by them. Thus, the modern-day slavery in Kuwait seems to be more terrible than the one in the US and this is due to the fact that the domestic workers in US have the right to protest against harsh treatment, while the ones in Kuwait have not been granted that privilege (Human Rights Watch, 2010). grossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2000828488116446633.post-68459312480052581752019-11-17T09:37:00.001-08:002019-11-17T09:37:04.467-08:00Assess the Consequences of the Civil War for American Politics Essay Example for Free Assess the Consequences of the Civil War for American Politics Essay With a single shot of John Wilkes Boothââ¬â¢s pistol, the greatest President that ever served America was dead. With the Civil War barely over and with the country in a complete state of moral and political chaos, Abraham Lincolnââ¬â¢s death could not have come at a worse time. (1) The great leader, the brave revolutionary, the progressive politician ââ¬â Abraham Lincoln was the man who held an ever-changing America together, the only candidate to lead America forward and leave the brutalities of the Civil War, and of course slavery, behind. As it was, Lincolnââ¬â¢s death at Fordââ¬â¢s Theatre could not have come at a worse time for the nation ââ¬â the death of a national hero, when the people needed him most. (1) His assassination marked the beginning of political chaos within Americaââ¬â¢s upper echelons, and most unfortunately condemned the south to decades of isolation and the races to a long arduous painful struggle, which remains. (4c)(1) With one single bullet, the soul was immediately ripped out of American politics and all the work of one great man nearly undone. Never before was a strong leader more needed to capitalise on this great opportunity for the country, than after Lincolnââ¬â¢s murder. A man to carry the mantle for this new ââ¬Å"freeâ⬠America, a great leader to unite the people once again, a man to make America great. Unfortunately, all they got was Andrew Johnson. If the people had wanted a replica of Abraham Lincoln, they were hugely disappointed. As a Democrat from the border state of Tennessee, Johnson was never going to be a mould in Lincolnââ¬â¢s image. (4c) He became very much his own man ââ¬â whether this was to the benefit of American politics, is highly doubtful. Never before had a President distanced himself so much from Congress. He was egotistical and narrow-minded and never seemed to fully comprehend the complexity of the war that had taken place. As a white southerner, Johnsonââ¬â¢s feelings towards blacks were at best mixed. This was seen in his instruction to ex-rebel states to draw up state constitutions and allow ex-confederate leaders to dominate these state governments. (1) Johnson gave these states pretty much ââ¬Å"free reinâ⬠over their own affairs and his policy of silence and non-interference was damaging to the freedmen, allowing the states to remain loyal to ââ¬Å"the auseâ⬠. (1) Slavery was officially dead, but oppression was thriving. Violence against the freedmen became commonplace and with the introduction of the hugely controversial ââ¬Å"Black Codesâ⬠in many states, blacks were denied all but their basic civil rights. Overall, there was a ridiculously ignorant and narrow-minded, yet widely accepte d, view that ââ¬Å"the blacks at large belong to the whitesâ⬠(Carl Schulz). (1) The infamous Ku Klux Klan (1865) carried out unprecedented violent attacks on the freedmen. (4f) The cowardice of Johnson was seeing all hopes for a brighter future unravel before the freedmenââ¬â¢s eyes. What would Abe Lincoln have thought? However, Johnson was not allowed have an easy ride ââ¬â Congress fought back and moved to exclude Johnsonââ¬â¢s own senators and representatives from the house. (1) To further rile Congress, Johnson in turn vetoed a proposed Fourteenth Amendment (4d)ââ¬â which defined a U. S. Citizen (including African Americans) ââ¬â gave extension of powers to the Freedmanââ¬â¢s Bureau, and included a reformed civil rights law. (4d) There was now a complete split between the President and the Republican Party. This in turn united the Republican Party; they were united in their hatred of Johnson and now abandoned him. (1) Inevitably, impeachment proceedings were brought against Johnson instigated by Edwin Stanton (the first of its kind to be brought against any American President). These were rightly rejected by Congress. If this had been passed it would have threatened the basis of the Constitutional system that would have caused political chaos. (4a) However, one positive outcome of the whole affair was that it warned all future Presidents not to follow Johnsonââ¬â¢s example. In other words, donââ¬â¢t mess with Congress! In 1868, Johnson was finally replaced through the normal political process, by the peopleââ¬â¢s choice, the hero of Appomattox and Vicks, Ulysses S. Grant (4c) ââ¬â a very much passive President whose hunger and dedication to the role must come into question. (1) However, despite Grantââ¬â¢s failings as President, at least Congress was united once again and the Congressional majority could now concentrate on the problem of the South and the blacks without interference. Proposed plans for reform in the South were defeated ââ¬â plans to industrialize it and form the South in the image of the progressive North deemed impossible. For the South had changed greatly ââ¬â it was now riddled with economic problems with the death of slavery leaving a void in Southern institutions. The general consensus among many was that it must be left for the southerners to sort out ââ¬â black and white. (1)(4e) Meanwhile, the radical Republican programme was continuing to make massive strides forward: in March 1870, the Fifteenth Amendment was passed giving blacks the vote: ââ¬Å"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by any state on account of race, colour, or previous condition of servitudeâ⬠. 2)(4d) The Unionists now had the help of black voters and educating them how to vote and more precisely, how to vote Republican, was a priority. (1)(4e) The freed men were now willing and eager to make the most of their freedom ââ¬â they were no longer irrelevant in American society ââ¬â for the first time they had a voice. The freedmenââ¬â¢s cause also had a large volume of support behind it from varying sectors: the scalawags and carpetbaggers (essential to radical reconstruction and always eager for change in the South), the capitalists and industrialists (wanting to capitalise on the rich mineral wealth of the South ââ¬â coal, iron, oil ââ¬â and of course to maximise its labour supply), and support also from the national institutions (army, church, Freedmanââ¬â¢s Bureau, state militias, Union League). (1) With this formidable force behind it the blackââ¬â¢s status was gradually improving. Public education was provided and property qualifications for voting were scrapped along with a framework of law not introduced in southern states. (2) This all helped the modernisation of the South (e. g. famous universities such as Howard, Atlanta and Fisk date from this time). (4e) However as the North progressed at a rapid rate, it found new excitement, new pleasures, new factories, new farms and its people and politicians became increasingly bored with the backward South. Time killed off radical leaders and the passion of newly elected civil war leaders died. Times were changing. 1) The Democratic Party now campaigned for black votes and the Republicans did likewise for white supremist votes. The North was now much more concerned with hating the new threat to American liberty, the Irish and European immigrants. (1)(4b) The South, however, had a different, less passive attitude than their Northern cousins. The South was an entirely different place to the North ââ¬â it may as well have been another world. Reconstruction for the North involved reintroducing states to the political fold on tolerable terms; for the South it meant rebuilding society from its foundations. 1) The divisions in the South at the time were plain for all to see; divisions between blacks and whites, (2) confederates and scalawags, and the classes (farmer class and planter class. ) There was also the economic problem ââ¬â a southern economy that was based almost solely on cotton suffered hugely as a result of the abolition of slavery and the resulting shortage of a cheap labour supply. (1)(4f) As a result the despair of the South was expressed through savage race conflict and physical force. (4f) ââ¬Å"This is a white manââ¬â¢s governmentâ⬠. This was a call, made ever louder by the growing power and influence of the Ku Klux Klan. Attempts to prevent blacks from voting, drive them from landholdings and intimidate them to prevent them gaining any confidence were all brutally achieved. (1) ââ¬Å"Corruption is the fashionâ⬠. (1) Meanwhile, American politics was going through its most dishonest era in history. With unmanageable debts arising from attempts to rebuild South and with corruption and incompetence rife throughout the entire Grant administration there was a split in the Republican party. 1) The 1872 election was fought between the Democrats and now ââ¬Å"Liberal Republicansâ⬠ââ¬â thus proving that two-party politics was here to stay. Grant just survived the Democratic challenge. Now, however, the Democrats had a new lease of life, a new optimism based on the anti-business Jacksonian platform. (1) This optimism was further inflated with the Democratic victory in the Congressional election in 1874. (1 ) Was Reconstruction coming to an end? As it turned out, no. Republican party candidate Rutherford B. Hayesââ¬â¢ administration undoubtedly rigged the 1876 Presidential election in his defeat of Samuel Tilden. Reconstruction was however unofficially dead and by the looks of it, American politics and morals had gone with it. To avert another civil war and to calm the fuming Democrats ââ¬â a compromise was reached (The Compromise of 1877). (4G) Hayes promised investment in the South in return for the improved treatment of African ââ¬â Americans. As it turned out this did turn out to be too good to be true. There were still united attacks on blacks and a general decline in the blacksââ¬â¢ social status. Similarly, Hayes returned the compliment in showing little interest in the South ââ¬â in a region that always voted Democratic. 1) Overall, it must be said that Reconstruction had failed in almost every way. The South was still in turmoil. The blacks were still being treated as second-class citizens (at best) and the southern whites coping with poor land, poor capital and seemingly no hope for the future. Reconstruction did bring about the 14th and 15th amendments giving a solid grounding for blacks in the North. These amendments however did not properly affect blacks in the South for another hundred years. (1) What would Abe Lincoln think? This was a time when the title ââ¬Å"Presidentâ⬠mattered very little. Passive and corrupt Presidents became very much the norm ââ¬â Presidents seemingly doing their utmost to undo the great work of Abraham Lincoln. President Rutherford B. Hayes rigged 1874 election; (4g)(4c) President Garfield will only be remembered for being shot by Charles J. Guiteau; President Arthur was a quiet dignified President, thatââ¬â¢s all. (4c) Congress held all the great power now and this is also where the corruption in American politics was most prevalent. Selfish Senators often used their power and exploited their influence to get wealthier off big business corporations. (1) It was clear, politics stank. It is true that the need to eradicate corruption was not helped by the two-party system that now was clearer than ever in American politics. (3)(2) This old-style Jeffersonian system left states to their own devices thus making the disease of corruption almost untreatable, and of course the corruptors almost untouched. (1) It was the mixture of old politics and a new society ââ¬â a society unable to cope with the rapid changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution changed America into what it is today ââ¬â a continental nation, rich and productive economically populous, and industrialized, with various ethnic origins. 4b)(1) America was effectively the first fully modern society but as we have seen, was in a constant struggle with itself to adapt to this new ââ¬Å"Gilded Ageâ⬠. (3) In my opinion, this proves and merely underlines the flaws in the Constitutional Political system: it is a system that proved incapable of abolishing slavery peacefully and now was evide ntly unable to industrialize America morally. Meanwhile, it was now a fact that the big business millionaires and capitalists that were resulting from industrialisation practically owned state governments. Entrepreneurs such as Frick, Carnegie and Rockefeller held absolute control over this new breed of greedy politician. (1) The businessmen competed furiously with each other taking potentially huge risks in the hope of claiming potentially huge profits. (3) Although the politicians in question were by no means godly, it must be said that they were always loyal to their party and extremely patriotic. They kept promises and looked after their own people. They were in politics to make a good living ââ¬â it was the ââ¬Å"American Wayâ⬠. However, the Mugwumps were the first group to make their dissent about this continuing epidemic of corruption matter ââ¬â a group consisting of mainly liberal Republicans. Although the Mugwumps never posed any major threat to politicians they did have their achievements: (1) helped defeat of James Blaine (Republican) by Grover Cleveland in 1884 election. (2) pushed for introduction of secret ballots by 1892 in thirty-three states ( in an attempt to avoid violence and bribery present in past elections). (3) were essentially the spokesmen for the American conscience at the time. The new expanding free education in America now taught children Mugwump ways ââ¬â taught morals, patriotism and loyalty. Ultimately, however, the Mugwumps never fulfilled their great potential as a serious political party as they were blind to providing for the poorer classes ââ¬â unlike the established politicians. (1)(4i) Meanwhile, relatively speaking, times looked healthy for the American economy: abundant rainfall, good harvests, easy credit all resulted in benefits for both towns and farms. The winter of 1886-87 changed all that: cattle were destroyed and so-called ââ¬Ëcattle-kingsââ¬â¢ were ruined. Similarly, the summer of drought in 1887 meant that the Kansas harvest failed. (ââ¬ËIn God we trusted, in Kansas we bustedââ¬â¢). (1) Now times looked bad. Income for farmers naturally decreased and instead of blaming their own faults, turned their anger towards the mismanaged railroads. (3) The ruthless competition of building railroads in the East, resulted in the businessmen allowing Free Fares for Congressmen for using certain lines and provided ââ¬Ërebatesââ¬â¢ for big shippers (e. g. Standard Oil). This resulted in the farmers having to pay more to railways to cover the capitalistsââ¬â¢ costs adding to the problems of drought. Farmers were now convinced that there was some kind of conspiracy against American agriculture. (1)(3) Everything the American farmer believed in was under threat from this new monster of industry and commerce. All sections of farmers in both the South and West (despite civil war) came together to form the Farmersââ¬â¢ Alliance in an attempt at improving the farmerââ¬â¢s lot. (4i) Farmers now expressed themselves through politics. In 1888 several farmerââ¬â¢s parties contested state elections and fared well (though at Presidential level everything stayed as normal with Benjamin Harrison (Republican) replacing the sterile Cleveland) The newly formed Peopleââ¬â¢s Party in 1892 was another sign of success on the farmersââ¬â¢ part. The real strength of the party was in the enthusiasm of its supporters ââ¬â the Populists, headed by General James Weaver, did extremely well in the 1892 Presidential election, gaining a very respectable 1029840 votes. (1)(4i) It was a party aiming to restore the soul of America, a soul that had been eaten away in a haze of corruption and greed since the great Lincolnââ¬â¢s murder. The Populists now set out on this great political crusade (not seen since 1840) and laid the agenda for reforms for the next twenty years. They sought dramatic changes: (1) (1) the free coinage of silver (2) a form of income tax be introduced (3) the sub treasury plan of the Farmersââ¬â¢ Alliance (4) the nationalization of railroads (5) the introduction of the secret ballot system in all states (6) a restriction on immigration (which had risen to unprecedented levels with the arrival of Europeans in search of a better living in America. (7) the limit of one-term for Presidents and vice-Presidents (8) Senators to be chosen by the people (9) and most controversially, it called for a national currency to be introduced that could adapt to the needs of the people. (1)(4) The currency question caused a complete split in Congress between the free traders and the protectionists. This substantial divide meant that no rational tariff would be possible. (4j) Grover Cleveland was one man oppo sed to a high tariff. Siding with the ordinary, working-class views, Clevelandââ¬â¢s popular vote naturally increased and he was re-elected for a econd term in 1892. It would be fair to label this term in office as an unqualified failure. (1)(4c)(4j) The economy immediately floundered. He failed to prevent or withdraw the 1890 McKinley Tariff, which undoubtedly favoured the monopolists. Attempts to restore business confidence failed, as businessmen remained unwilling to take risks at such an unsteady time. Efforts by Cleveland to defend the gold-standard (he was widely known as a staunch ââ¬Ëgold-bugââ¬â¢) only served to widen the gap between himself and Congress. It cannot be denied that this ââ¬â¢gold-bugââ¬â¢ administration completely failed to help the ordinary people through this economic depression ââ¬â Cleveland failed to revive the economy. (1)(4j) As expected, the Democrats did badly in the 1894 Congressional elections as a wave of strikes swept the country in a vain attempt to prevent mass lay-offs. And what did Cleveland do to help these people most affected by this economic deadline? He introduced labour injunctions and sent federal troops to Chicago to break the railroad strike. (1) The people demanded and deserved more. Discontent grew, as did socialist ideas (similar to Populist ideas. There was a growing demand for greenbacks to be introduced (Fiat money), (1) which would allow the government to regulate the circulation of money. However Weaver made the fatal mistake of concentrating solely on the currency question in the lead up to the 1896 election as this issue had no appeal for those struggling industrial workers ââ¬â they just wanted work! In the end, the election transpired to be economically irrelevant ââ¬â instead it became a straight battle between the industrial society and farming communities and settled the identity of the Democratic and Republican parties for good. The Republicans, led by William McKinley and his influential understudy Marcus Alonso Hanna represented the higher class society in America and lectured on the importance of the gold standard (Hanna certainly dominated the campaign while coaching McKinley how to behave). (1)(4k) The Democrats, on the other hand, aimed to rid themselves of all Clevelandââ¬â¢s work. In effect, the populists had captured the Democratic Party and this was confirmed when William Jennings Bryan was chosen to head their campaign. 4k) He was a man of reform and spoke for the plain, ordinary people of rural America. ââ¬Å"You shall not press down upon the brow of labour this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of goldâ⬠. (1) Emphatic and deeply biblical, the language spoke of something of huge importance to the Democrats. It must be said that Bryan re-committed the party to its original principles ââ¬â principles that kept the party out of office for sixteen years, however , principles that were ultimately beneficial to it. McKinley took the election and the Republicans captured both houses of Congress, which signifies the shift from America from a rural nation to an urbanised one. American politics now had a system and the parties had an identity. Hanna brought Republicans to the wealthy side, while Bryan put the Democratic future firmly into the hands of the poor and weak. (1)(4k) In my opinion, this makes the 1896 election the most important Presidential Election in American history. And then for some reason, the economy picked up. Businesses began to boom again, farmersââ¬â¢ hopes improved and most importantly that famous American self-confidence was restored. (1) As it entered the 20th century, times began to look good again. The nineteenth century ended as it began, in violence. McKinleyââ¬â¢s declaration of war on Spain in 1898 put a brief halt to the nationââ¬â¢s progressiveness. It was a brief, yet intensely fought conflict that ultimately led to a victory for the U. S. Navy, resulting in the Spaniards relinquishing their claim to ownership of certain parts of the Caribbean and Pacific, to the Americans. The Spanish/American War ââ¬â April/July 1898). (4h) Many questions had to be answered going into a new century. Could America fulfil its potential? Could the societies of industry and agriculture live in harmony? Could blacks be accepted as equals? Could immigration be controlled in a way to help American citizens? Could America ever find another leader in the mould of Abraham Lincoln? Could American politics regain its moral values? Could America become the great nation that Lincoln once spoke of? As the great man once said; ââ¬Å"With malice toward none, with harity for all, with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nationââ¬â¢s wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and his orphan ââ¬â to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nationsâ⬠(Lincolnââ¬â¢s Second Inaugural Address. March 4, 1865). (4c) It was now up to America itself to make him proud. grossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2000828488116446633.post-11033296030611123562019-11-14T22:08:00.001-08:002019-11-14T22:08:02.336-08:00Modern Crime :: essays research papers "She's just another Hollywood whore, an immoral porn queen. She's beyond redemption," he muttered to himself as he paced back and forth outside her apartment building. He had been constantly walking around outside the building for hours now, harassing people passing on the streets with crazed questions. Suddenly, overcome with resolve, the man stomped back to the building and rang the bell. She had rejected him once, but never again. He had given her a chance, but she had turned him away from her life. How could she do this to him, her biggest fan? After letting go of the buzzer, Robert Bardo hid himself in the bushes by the door. This was the only choice he had left after such a rejection. Twenty-one year old Rebecca Schaeffer, actress on the sitcom My Sister Sam, answered the door for the last time in her life. She had politely turned away a disturbing man earlier that day after explaining to him that she had to study her lines for her next show. However, when she answered the door this time, there was no one there. Bardo saw his chance and acted on it. He burst from the shadowy confines of the bushes and pushed a gun into Schaeffer's chest, pulling the trigger after he had her in his grasp. The bullet barely missed the young actress's heart as she fell to the ground, bleeding from a mortal wound. As Bardo flew from the scene, he stashed the incriminating evidence into the bushes. After interrogations performed by the LAPD, it was found that Bardo had been stalking Schaeffer for a very long time. However, this was not the usual case of a voyeur or a stranger trailing someone throughout their day. Bardo had traced Schaeffer through the use of the computer and its vast resources. With the use of computer databases, Bardo was able to find out where Schaeffer lived, what her telephone number was and who she called, what kind of vehicle she drove, and where she spent her money. It was as if Bardo could look through a window and clearly see all of Schaeffer's personal, intimate secrets (Rothfeder 13-14).This is the perfect example of a modern crime, in which all of an individual's privacy and personal information have become little more than a commodity, easily accessible to anyone with very little hassle. In the highly modernized society in which everyone lives, people compromise their privacy in order to live comfortably. grossubstascie1984http://www.blogger.com/profile/09634488333019492308noreply@blogger.com0